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final year :o > Exam ww1 > Flashcards

Exam ww1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the UDC?

A

Union of democratic control

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2
Q

When did Queen Elizabeth II visit Ireland?

A

2011

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3
Q

By 22nd of August how many men had volunteered?

A

100000

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4
Q

What activities were targeted as part of the then war on inappropriately passive activities?

A

Football - supporters often asked if they knew there was a war going on.

Theatre - they became arenas for recruitment and jingoistic music.

Horse racing - critics labelled the cheering innaprioriate

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5
Q

What did some landowners do to further he recruitment effort?

A

Threaten to evict able bodied tenants who did not enlist.

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6
Q

What could Horatio Bottomley be described as?

A

A professional recruiter.

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7
Q

What is the irony with regards to the social pressure to volunteer?

A

It was often detrimental to the spirit of volunteering.

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8
Q

Where had a very low volunteer record and why?

A

Leicester - James Ramsey Macdonald was a local MP.

Remote from the coast.

Passivity.

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9
Q

What was the fear regarding separation allowance?

A

That women were using it to engage in public drunkenness.

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10
Q

What impact did the fact that volunteering rhetoric was based on protecting women have?

A

Men could use it to say they had an immediate duty to protect the women in their lives.

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11
Q

What is the irony about conscription?

A

It relied on volunteers, the national service registration was entirely voluntary.

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12
Q

What did the 1918 representation of the People act do?

A

Enfranchisement of all men over 21, women over 30 could vote if they were a graduate or owned property. Redistributed seats.

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13
Q

Give examples of the creeping hand of the state.

A

DORA - 1914, government controlled communications and food etc

Conscription in 1916, 18-41 year old single men, then extended to married men later that same year.

Rationing in 1917

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14
Q

What did Ramsey MacDonald say about conscription?

A

Hateful to every instinct of Liberty

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15
Q

How many Irish men served in the British forced during WW1 according to Edward Madigan?

A

20000

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16
Q

How did the white feather campaign start?

A

In August admiral Charles Penrose Fitzgerald deputised 30 women in Folkestone to hand out white feathers, in the order of the white feather.

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17
Q

What does Gregory state about the British volunteer army?

A

In 1914 and 15 Britain raised the second largest volunteer army in history

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18
Q

What does Fost state about the home rule question and the war?

A

The war put home rule on ice.

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19
Q

What does Mar state about the war?

A

First war in Britain to touch almost everyone since the bloody civil wars of the seventeenth century.

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20
Q

When did stories of Germans using dead bodies to grind down and use for weapons production emerge?

A

1917

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21
Q

What does Catriona Pennell state about other countries during the war?

A

That it was a unifying experience in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, all fairly similar in the opening months of the war, at least until the Easter rising.

22
Q

What does Hobsbawm state about patriotism during the opening of the war?

A

Patriotism lead by the ruling classes swept the country

23
Q

What events allowed Britain do portray herself as morally right?

A

u boat warfare
‘Rape of Belgium”

Groot states Germany was “good at being the evil enemy”

24
Q

How did the Great War provide the rationale and pretext for the Easter rising?

A
  • many nationalists had joined the forces and so doers roar credibility needed to be reasserted
  • chance to defeat home rule and get a separate state
  • Britain was distracted
  • possible German victory
25
Q

In Ireland what confirmed separatist frustration and pessimism?

A

Majority of nationalists happy with home rule and staying within the UK, and majority of nationalists supported the war.

26
Q

What was the decision of Irish party leader John Redmond upon the outbreak of war and who supported it?

A

“Back the British effort”

  • supported by the majority of Irish volunteers and catholic nationalists.
27
Q

What happened when Sinn Fein won the election in 1918?

A

Demanded a republic and made the war of independence inevitable (civil war from 1919-21)

28
Q

What did Asquith day when declaring war?

A

They had solemn international obligation.

29
Q

What did army order X do?

A

Allowed the gov to put those serving military detention following court martials to be put in civilian prisons, however they were then put back into the military.

30
Q

What happened to CO’s in the army?

A
  • range of punishments
  • groups of objectors taken to France initially sentenced to death but their sentences were immediately repealed
  • CO’s were then not to be executed without having cabinet approval, thanks to a lobby
31
Q

What was regulation 40 d of DORA?

A

No female suffering from VD was to have sex with a member of HM forces.

32
Q

What did Harold Smith state about women and the war?

A

That the level of transformation was limited.

33
Q

What was the non-conscription fellowship and who supported it?

A

An anti conscription group, supported by suffragists, Bertrand Russell, and the independent Labour Party. Wanted to avoid conscription when it was formed in 1914 then wanted to repeal if.

34
Q

How many co’s were court martialed three times and why?

A

521 (estimated) because once service in prison was over they were handed back to the military where they often still refused active service.

35
Q

How did many co’s gain exemption from active service?

A
  • found work that was deemed to be crucial to the war effort.
  • granted exception by a tribunal
  • refused exemption, went to the military or refused sign up papers, then refused service and were court martialed and then in prisoned.
36
Q

How were the military tribunals unfair?

A

They had previously been used under the Derby scheme in order to get men to promise to enlist at a later date, so there was confusion about their new role, men running the tribunals had varying views, and military representatives often present to give their view and even when the decision was being made.

37
Q

What was the Derby scheme and when was it introduced?

A

Introduced autumn of 1915, allowed men to attest, profess a willingness to join up later, also carried the promise that married men would only be called upon once all single men had enlisted.

38
Q

Who talks about the naval blockade?

A

Osborne

39
Q

When was the Lusitania sunk?

A

May 1915

40
Q

What on the western front made economic pressure important?

A

Deadlock

41
Q

When did the blockade actually stop?

A

July 1919

42
Q

Who talks a lot about Ireland and he war?

A

Catriona Pennell

43
Q

What population of Ireland did the Catholic Church make up?

A

74% - noted by Catriona Pennell

44
Q

How many German war time death due to starvation?

A

763000

45
Q

Who wrote about the double helix?

A

M and P Higonnet

46
Q

What kind of memorials were created in the 1920’s?

A

Physical memorials, naming of the dead.

47
Q

When was the unknown warrior buried?

A

1920 armistice day

48
Q

How did armistice day arise?

A

3 million Britians lost a close relative during the war

49
Q

Around how many men claimed conscience Infront of a tribunal?

A

1400

50
Q

Who talked about the Derby schemes and tribunals?

A

Louis Bibbings

51
Q

Who says that em helped racist groups?

A

Claud clash, African American studies scholar

final year :o (3 decks)

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