#Exam1(2)- Defences mental capacity Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

what are the mental capacity defences

A

insanity, automatism and intoxication

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2
Q

what crime can’t insanity be used for

A

drunk driving it is strict liability

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3
Q

what is case is insanity based on

A

M’Naghten

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4
Q

what are the three rules M’naghten provided

A

defect of reason
result of disease of mind
caused D not to know nature of offence and not to realise it was wrong

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5
Q

who must prove insanity

A

the defence

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6
Q

what does defect of reason mean

A

their reasoning must have become impaired

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7
Q

what happened in R v Clarke

A

quashed conviction because had absentmindedness- defect of reason

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8
Q

Disease of mind is

A

a legal definition, which can be either a physical or mental

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9
Q

R v Kemp

A

hardening arteries causes him to attack wife COA found that this come under disease of mind

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10
Q

R v Sullivan

A

mans epilepsy was long term. he ended up attacking 80 year old man. upheld conviction because it didn’t exist at time of attack

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11
Q

R v Hennessy

A

shows that diabetes can fall under insanity if it effects the mind

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12
Q

what did R v Burgess find

A

D attacking his girlfriend in his sleep due to sleep walking was insanity
external causes= automatism

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13
Q

what did R v Quick show

A

diabetics can’t use insanity as an excuse if they haven’t taken insulin- this is an external cause

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14
Q

can a defendant use the defence of insanity if they have voluntarily taken a intoxicating substance and they have a psychotic episode

A

no

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15
Q

what does R v Coley show

A

couldn’t use insanity for almost killing neighbors as it was self induced psychosis, he couldn’t use automatism for same reason.

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16
Q

what does not knowing nature of the act mean

A

they have impaired consciousness

they do not understand what they are doing

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17
Q

what does R v Oye show

A

he could use NGBRI because he thought police officers were demons and this shows he didn’t understand quality of the act

18
Q

what does R v Windle show

A

for all someone may commit a crime and have a disease of mind. they still can’t use defence if they know they are legally wrong

19
Q

how is R V Johnson similar to windle

A

the psychiatrists pointed out that like Windle, Johnson realized what he done was legally wrong

20
Q

what did the Criminal procedure act 1991 do

A

gave the following options to judges for sentencing

hospital order, supervision order, absolute discharge

21
Q

evaluate insanity

A

M’Naghten rules- out of date low knowledge on medical issues
Legal definition- groups like psychopaths not covered
overlap with automatism- confusing to see whether due to external causes or mental illness
social stigma- insanity carries this
Windle- prevents those who may need mental help getting it
EU CHR- d has to proves insanity- goes against article 6 of HRA.
juries- have to decide whether someone is insane or not.

22
Q

what are proposals for reforming insanity

A

RC- suggest including those with irresistible urges
1975- Butler committee and in 1789 LC suggest rename to ‘mental disorder’
none of these have been done , however giving judges more options gave them more suitable sentences

23
Q

what are the two types of automatism

A

insane and non insane automatism

24
Q

what is covered by non insane automatism

A

blow to head, swarm of bees, sneezing, hypnosis, drugs

25
Hill v Baxter
couldn't use defence as it was up to him to exit the ' automatic state'
26
R V T
D was raped and claimed PTSD was excuse for bank robbery. judge allowed jury to decide to which they convicted her.
27
Attorney generals reference 1993
his trance entered while driving on motorway COA held only partial loss of control and not automatism
28
what does R V Bailey raise the issue of
self induced automatism, failed to eat enough after taking insulin, can't use defence
29
what must be proven for automatism
``` external cause- non insane automatism total destruction of voluntary control was the automatism self induced ? was D reckless getting into automatic state- no all offences yes- specifc intenet ```
30
what does R v Hardie show
he could use automatism as the valium wasn't expcted to make him angry
31
evaluate automatism
unclear whether defence for AR or MR. If AR it could be argued to be a defence for strict liability crimes complete defence- may need help hard to distinguish between insane and non insane sleepwalking is sometimes considered as insane and non insane.
32
what are the rules on voluntary intoxication
SI- if d has intent they are guilty - Gallagher if no Mr then they are not guilty BI-Becoming intoxicated is a reckless course of conduct - Majewski- D is guilty
33
what are the rules of involuntary intoxication
SI- if d has MR they are guilty- Kingston no mr not guilty- hardie BI- if D not reckless to getting intoxicated so not guilty
34
what are the specific intent rules regarding drunken mistake
if mistake negates mr then not guilty if mistake is about need to defend oneself then guilty still both s and b offences (O'grady /Hatton) cant rely on mistaken belief for self defence
35
what is the basic intent rule for drunken mistakes
this is a reckless course of conduct so the defendant is guilty.
36
R v sheehan and moore
two drunk men set fire to a tramp- given conviction of mansluaghter and not murder
37
A- g for NI v Gallagher
man drinks whiskey for dutch courage- still murder
38
Harris
man suffered hallucinations after he stops drinking he then hears voices telling him to committ arson- allowed defence
39
r v kingston
man is spiked and blackmailed and he molests a boy- still couldn't use defence as he had MR.
40
R v Lipman
LSD trip causes man to think he is being attacked by snakes. convicted of manslaughter as he was reckless to taking LSD.