Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spicer Safety > Exam1 > Flashcards

Exam1 Flashcards

1
Q

OSHA incidence rate

A

number of lost work days * 200,000hr / total hrs worked by all employees during period covered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Management of Change

A

requires review and authorization of proposed changes prior to implementation to ensure no unforeseen hazards are introduced. Also, all pertinent documentation including worker training must be kept up to date with regard to any changes implemented.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

IDLH

A

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health; “poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from an environment”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Teratogen

A

an agent or factor which causes birth defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hepatotoxic

A

damaging or destructive to liver cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nephrotoxic

A

damaging or destructive to the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FAR

A

No.Fatalities*10^8 hr / total hrs worked by all employees during period covered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FVC

A

forced vital capacity; total volume exhaled into a spirometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dermatoxic

A

damaging or destructive to skin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neurotoxic

A

damaging or destructive to nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mutagen

A

causes chromosome damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BI

A

business interruption = (lost profit) + (fixed cost)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Latency

A

time interval between the stimulation and response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mutagen

A

causes chromosome damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hemotoxic

A

damaging or destructive to blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pulmonotoxic

A

damaging or destructive to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of how culture affects the behavior of an individual or organization. Explain.

A

McAllen vs El Paso; The hospitals in McAllen thought treated patients as profit centers (by ordering excessive and unnecessary tests), while El Paso had a focus on the patient as people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

conformity bias

A

caused by group peer pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Beauty bias

A

think the most physically attractive person will be the most successful

20
Q

similarity bias

A

tendency to like people who are similar to us

21
Q

halo effect

A

tendency to see one great thing about a person, which affects our opinion of everything else about them

22
Q

horns effect

A

tendency to see one ‘bad’ thing about a person and it affects our opinion of everything else about them.

23
Q

Explain the difference between FAR and fatality rate.

A

While FAR is based on employee working hours, fatality rate is independent of hours worked. Fatality rate does not account for time on task

24
Q

Give an example of a design change which had unintended consequences

A

Flixborough, England: Removal and bypass of reactor 5. No safety review was performed and the change was of substandard design, resulting in an explosion

25
Q

What is a spirometer? What does it measure?

A

Device that measure lung capacity of lungs: total volume exhaled (FVC, L); forced expired volume measured at 1 second (FEV1, L/s); forced expiratory flow in the middle range of the vital capacity (FEV 25-75%, L/s); the ratio of the observed FEV1 to FVC*100 (FEV1/FVC%)

26
Q

What dust size particle range is typically considered as most potentially harmful to the lungs?

A

0.2 – 5 microns.

27
Q

What does PPE stand for? Give two examples of PPE

A

Personal protective equipment; hard hat, fire-rated shirt

28
Q

Be able to fill in the NFPA diamond (which rating goes in which area, ranges of rankings, etc.)

A

LEFT: Health; TOP: Fire; RIGHT: Stability; Bottom: Specific Hazard

29
Q

What are the four categories of inherently safer design techniques? Give brief descriptions of each.

A

MINIMIZATION: reducing the hazards by using smaller quantities of hazardous substances
SUBSTITUTION: safer materials should be used in place of hazardous ones.
MODERATION: using hazardous materials under less hazardous conditions (lowering temp to lower Psat)
SIMPLIFICATION: error tolerance – simpler plants provide fewer opportunities for error

30
Q

Flixborough, England

A

installing the bypass line without a safety review or adequate supervision by experienced engineering personnel; holding excessive amounts of flammable material in close proximity

31
Q

Bhopal, India

A

best ways to prevent a hazardous release is to engineer around it. Instead of using the reaction pathway that included the dangerous MIC intermediate

32
Q

Seveso, Italy

A

TCDD released; civilians were not notified until several days later; proper procedure not followed

33
Q

What do the categories ED, TD, and LD represent? What does LD50 mean?

A

ED: effective dose; response to chemical or agent is minor and reversible
TD: response to agent is toxic (not lethal, but irreversible, e.g. liver damage)
LD50 – dose that results in the death of 50% of the population

34
Q

What are the four pathways by which toxicants typically enter biological organisms? Which pathways are typically the fastest? Which pathways are considered most important in an industrial setting?

A

Inhalation^, injection, absorption^, ingestion

Fastest*; Industrial importance^

35
Q

Pasadena, Texas

A

It is important to perform PHAs on a regular basis. This can reveal sub-standard valving arrangements such as the one in the Pasadena plant

36
Q

Texas City, Texas

A

overfilled tower caused hydrocarbons release; should performed a root cause analysis to prevent the last three near-misses, the contractor trailers would have never been allowed into the unsafe areas, and the ISOM unit would not have been started up before the existing problems were resolved

37
Q

port wentworth, georgia

A

poor houscleaning; company failed to correct ongoing and known hazardous conditions; sugar dust explosion

38
Q

jacksonville, Fl

A

Cooling line failed; importance of design redundancy in a cooling system cannot be understated, especially if explosions can occur within 10 minutes of failure; single- point failures should be eliminated when designing processes.

39
Q

What does TLV mean? What are the different categories of TLV? Explain what each category

A

threshold limit value;
TLV-TWA: time-weighted average; 8hr/day; conc employees can be exposed to w/ no adverse effects
TLV-STEL: short-term exposure limit; 15min; conc employees can be exposed to w/o irritation, tissue damage, etc
TLC-C: ceiling: conc. that should never be exceeded; no duration

40
Q

What does PEL stand for? What organization uses the PEL standard? PEL values are closely related to one of the TLV categories; which one?

A

permissible exposure level; defined by OSHA; closely relates to TLV-TWA

41
Q

What are three common leading indicators of “best practices” related to process safety? When were these first published?

A

Regular, documented inspections of safety critical items (with follow up action items);
Documentation of keeping up with PHA/safety audit action items;
Number of demands on safety systems; “near misses”
SEPT 2014

42
Q

What does IDLH mean? What exposure time period is associated with IDLH? What exposure responses are used to determine the IDLH concentrations?

A

immediately dangerous to life or health; 30min; without acute toxicity reactions (severe eye irritation);

43
Q

What does ERPG stand for? What are the three levels of ERPG and how are they defined (time and exposure response)?

A

Emergency response planning guidelines;
max concentration one can be exposed to…
1 - w/ almost all only mild, transient effects
2 - w/o irreversible effects
3 - w/o life threatening effects

44
Q

Explain what is meant by a causative variable. Explain how a probit is typically related to the response of some causative variable.

A

Causative factor represents dose of damaging agent; probit related to the causative variable by transforming the sigmoid shape of the normal response curve (for population for specified effect) into a straight line.

45
Q

what are the five fundamental cannons of the AIChE Code of Professional Ethics relevant to process safety?

A

1) safety is paramount
2) one must only speak in objective truth
3) only perform in areas of competence
4) avoid conflicts of interests
5) follow ethical and professional responsibilities

46
Q

what are the four pillars of Risk Based Process Safety? Briefly explain each.

A

1) COMMITMENT TO PROCESS RISK
safety culture is paramount
2) UNDERSTANDING PROCESS RISK
involves understanding chemistries and investigating potential hazards in plant design
3) MANAGING RISK
continuous performance of process hazard analysis and improvement of processes via MOC
4) LEARNING FROM PAST EXPERIENCE
includes learning from mistakes of other plants as well as the investigation and documentation of near-misses and performing of root-cause investigations

Spicer Safety (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions