exam1 history Flashcards
(22 cards)
Noted for naming ‘cells’ by exploring various living/nonliving cultures and viewing cork-screw samples.
Who is Robert Hooke?
Noted for using a simple microscope of his own design to view bacteria and protozoa types.
Who is Antoni van Leeuwenhoek?
He was the first to try to disprove spontaneous generation.
What did Francesco Redi attempt to disprove?
Noted for the process of ‘pasteurization’ and disproving spontaneous generation using specialized S-shaped flasks.
What is Louis Pasteur known for?
Showed the importance of handwashing to reduce puerperal sepsis transmission during childbirth.
What did Ignaz Semmelweis demonstrate?
A surgeon noted for the development of aseptic technique during surgery.
Who is Joseph Lister?
Developed by Robert Koch to outline the use of pure cultures to identify the etiologic agent for infections/diseases.
What are Koch’s Postulates?
Hans Christian Gram, which determines the cell wall type of bacterial cells.
Who developed the Gram stain technique?
The etiologic agent, Treponema pallidum, was identified.
What significant discovery was made in 1905 regarding syphilis?
The process of genetic transformation in bacteria, allowing uptake of ‘naked’ DNA.
What did Frederick Griffith discover in 1928?
Alexander Fleming, noted for discovering and describing Penicillin.
Who discovered the first antibiotic?
Streptomycin.
What antibiotic did Selman Waksman discover?
Isolation and characterization of the HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus).
What significant event occurred in 1983?
The human breast cancer gene was isolated.
What happened in 1994 regarding cancer research?
A new vaccine for HPV.
What vaccine was introduced in 2006?
Instrumental in establishing the cell theory, extending Francesco Redi’s work.
Who is Rudolph Virchow?
Development of the first smallpox vaccine using the cowpox virus.
What is Edward Jenner known for?
Noted for taxonomic classification and the binomial nomenclature system.
Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
The 3-Domain system for classifying all organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
What did Carl Woese and George Fox develop?
Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) vs. biogenesis.
What are the two contrasting concepts regarding the origin of life?
A general approach to conducting scientific research.
What is the Scientific Method?
A theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases.
What is the Germ Theory of Disease?
