exam2 Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
4th most common site of neoplasia in dogs and cats
A
oral
2
Q
oral tumors are often large on presentation especially at these locations
A
caudal
3
Q
big 3 differentials for an oral tumor in a dogs
A
melanoma
SCC
fibrosarcoma
4
Q
big 2 differentials in a cat with an oral tumor
A
SCC
fibrosarcoma
5
Q
T/F
the best way to access an oral tumor for biopsy is through the lips
A
FALSE – never do this
6
Q
if an oral tumor is proliferative what is the preferred biopsy method
A
shave biopsy
7
Q
rads for bone lysis evidence are not evident until what percent cortical destruction
A
> 40%
8
Q
T/F
oral tumors metastasize to their regional lymph nodes which are the mandibular
A
false – only 55% will do this
9
Q
non pigmented variant of melanoma
A
amelanotic melanoma
10
Q
melanoma classic pigment
A
black
11
Q
what is the biggest point of failure in surgical control of melanoma
A
75% of cases can be locally controlled by SX
the biggest point of failure is the systemic mets
12
Q
dog breeds that most commonly get fibrosarcoma
A
labs and goldens
13
Q
what age dogs typically present with fibrosarcoma
A
younger (7-8)
14
Q
problem with histo results for fibrosarcomas
A
may come back benign as fibroma but DONT BELIEVE IT
15
Q
what tends to be the biggest point of failure in fibrosarcoma tx
A
recurrent disease
16
Q
risk factors of SCC in cats
A
flea collars
smoke exposure
excessive canned tuna
17
Q
what site is preferred for SCC in cats
A
SUBLINGUAL
18
Q
arise from the peridontal ligament and often appear similar to gingival hyperplasia
A
odontogenic tumors
19
Q
common site for Acanthomatous ameloblastomas
A
rostral mandible
20
Q
T/F
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma have a high metastisis rate
A
false they are locally invasive in the bone but do not metastasize
still need aggressive sx to control
21
Q
oral tumor gold standard tx
A
aggressive surgical excision
almost always has bone involvement
***peripheral odontogenic fibromas are the exception
22
Q
margin procurement for malignant oral tumors
A
2cm if malignant
23
Q
T/F
the more rostral the mass, the easier it is to excise, the better the prognosis
A
true
24
Q
oral tumor that responds to RT
A
melanoma, scc in dogs
25
what is the primary issue with chemotherapy for ora tumors
local control
26
T/F
| melanoma is chemo responsive
false
27
this parasite can cause sarcomas in the esophagus
spirocerca lupi
28
most commone esophageal tumor
SCC -- female cats located in the middle 1/3 of esophagus just caudal to the thoracic inlet
29
#1 ddx for esophageal tumor after SCC
leiomyosarcoma
30
genetic breed predisposition for gastric tumors
belgian shepherds and chows
31
clinical signs for gastric tumors
most are asymptomatic until they are large enough to effect the outflow
anorexia is common
32
big 2 differentials for gastric tumors in dogs
adenocarcinoma (ACA)
| leiomyosarcoma
33
big differential in cats with gastric tumors
LYMPHOMA
34
preferred site of gastric adenocarcinoma
pyloric antrum/lesser curvature
35
what is seen on positive contrast gastrogram
filling defects, lowered gastric emptying, loss of normal rugal folds, mucosal thickening
36
preferred technique for wrk up and staging gastrci tumors
endoscopy -- allows for biopsy procurement
assement of resectability
37
T/F
| in DOGS small intestine tumors are more common than large intestine tumors
FALSE -- but in CATS small intestine tumors are WAY MORE COMMON than large
38
breed predisposition for intestinal tumors
collies and GSD
39
presenting complaint of intestinal tumors
typically older animals, >7
| very similar signs for gastric tumors
40
T/F
| endoscopy will allow for access of jejunum and proximal ileum
false
41
why is it important to rule out LSA in gastric and intestinal tumor cases
because LSA will not be surgically treated so you may not need to cut open animal
42
big 3 intestinal tumors in dogs
LSA
ACA
Leiomyosarcoma
43
big 3 intestinal tumors in cats
LSA
ACA
MCT
44
intestinal tumor margin procurement
4-8 cm
**mesenteric and regional LN's should also be assessed, resected, or aspirated
45
LSA MST in dogs
77 days
46
metastatic rate in dogs for MCT
100%
very bad disease
MST is like 16 days - SAD
47
gastrointestinal stromal tumor - GIST predilection site
cecum
48
most common presenting complaint for chest wall tumors
owners notice firm fixed thoracic wall mass
49
most common rub tumor in dogs
osteosarcoma
50
top 2 differentials for chest wall tumors
OSA
| chondrosarcoma
51
how to get tissue dx for chest wall tumor
wedge/open biopsy
52
max # of ribs that can be excised in en bloc excision when treating chest wall tumors
6
53
T/F
| adjunctive chemo is recommended for CSA dogs but not rib OSA
FALSE - reverse
54
always place ___ prior to complete chest wall reconstruction
thoracostomy tube
55
which has a longer survival time OSA or CSA
CSA by a lot -- this is why the biopsy pre op is so important
56
#1 presenting complaint in lung tumor cats
lameness - lung digit syndrome -- metastasis to the toes/3rd phalynx
57
most common lung tumor in cats
bronchial
58
transthoracic FNS/cytology for lung tumors is more diagnostic in which species
cats
59
which lymph nodes do lung tumors metastasize to
tracheobronchal
60
essential tool for staging animals with lung tumors
CT
61
what should always be done before amputating a cats digits
chest rads
62
in a cat with a lung tumor, which gives a longer MST -- well differentiated on histo, or poorly differntiated
well differentiated is significantly longer MST in cats
63
what is a negative prognostic factor in cats with lung tumors
pleural effusion
64
T/F
| is a dog is coughing on presentation of lung tumor it means the tumor is large and prognosis is worse
true
65
common breeds for histiocytic sarcoma
bernese mt dog
| flat coated retriever
66
seen on thymoma cytology
neoplastic epithelial cell with large numbers of small mature lymphocytes -- send out flow cytometry
67
percent of thymomas that are non invasive in cats
50-100%
68
gold standard tx for thymoma
surgery - median sternotomy
69
T/F
| thymomas are RT responsive
true
70
most common primary bone tumor in cats and dogs
osteosarcoma
71
breeds most commonly affected by osa
```
large to giant dogs
great dane
rottie
irish wolfie
greyhounds
```
72
T/F
| 1 in 4 rotties neutered before 1 year old have a life time risk of OSA
true
73
How to differentiate from OSA tumor vs fungal infection
fungal will be systemically ill
74
75-80% of OSA occurs where
appendicular skeleton
75
T/F
| pelvic limbs are 2x more affected than forelimbs with OSA
false
76
most common osa site
Distal radius
proximal humerus is 2nd
77
osa favors what area of the bone
metaphyseal region
endosteal type osa most common
78
with OSA this is elevated on a CBC/chem profile and is a BAD thing
high ALP
79
T/F
| OSA does not cross joints
true
80
how does OSA appear on rads
loss of cortical bone
periosteal proliferation
palisading cortical bone
81
preferred over biopsy for DX OSA
FNA/cytology
82
Gold standard for local management of primary bone tumors
limb amputation
83
what area of the femur will need most aggressive sx
proximal
84
preferred osa site for limb salvage
distal radius
85
T/F
| adjunctive chemo is recommended in ALL cases of canine OSA
true -- use carboplatin
86
method of action of biphosphonates in OSA tx
inhibit osteoclastic bone resporption
87
MST of OSA with analgesia palliative tx
1 -3 months
88
MST of OSA with RT palliative tx
4 months
89
MST of OSA with surgery alone
4 -6 months
90
MST of OSA with surgery + chemo
8-12months
91
feline osa is most common where
diaphysis of the pelvic limb bones
less aggressive and MST of 24-49 months
92
the most common cutaneou tumor of dogs
mast cell tumor
93
most common cutaneous tumor in cats
basal cell tumor
94
breeds known for getting mast cell tumors
boxers
bull terriers
bostons
bulldogs
**siamese cats
95
MCT locations on cats
most commonly on head and neck
96
what can mast cell tumors often be misdiagnosed as
lipomas
97
what are mast cell tumors comprised of
```
cytoplasmic granules which contain various bioactive substances such as ..
histamine and prostaglandin
heparin
chemotactic factors
proteolytic enzymes
serotonin
```
98
physical disturbances of mct can lead to what
degranulation, erythema, swelling
| if severe = anaphylaxis and hypotension
99
T/F
| dogs with adequate mast cell tumor control will have normal plasma histamine levels
true
100
T/F
| mast cell tumors commonly metastasize to the lungs
FALSE they do not
101
most common bladder tumor
transitional cell carcinoma
102
most common non neoplastic ddx for bladder tumors
polypoid cystitis
103
#1 dog breed for TCC
scotties
104
what are some risk factors for bladder neoplasia
topical insecticide and herbicide exposure
environmental pollutions
obsesity
female gender
breed
105
most common location for TCC
the trigone
106
rectal exam findings for dogs with TCC
thickened urethra/iliac lymph nodes
107
60-70% of dog mammary gland tumors occer here
4 and 5 because greater volume of tissue
108
T/F
| almost all cat mammary gland tumors are malignant carcinomas
true -- in dogs its 50:50 with benign
109
T/F
| an OHE should always be performed when removing mammary gland tumors
true
110
mammary gland tumors > __cm is the worst prognosis
5cm or greater
111
highest met rate of all sarcomas
synovial cell sarcoma
112
T/F
| synovial cell sarcoma does not cross joints
false - does
113
T/F
| tumors of smooth muscle can cause paraneoplastic syndome and hypoglycemia
true
114
T/F
| dx feline ISS with excisional biopsy
false - dont do that
115
what is the current treatment surgery recommendation for feline ISS
surgical excision with 5cm radius and 2 muscle planes deep
116
most common hemoatopoietic tumor
lymphoma
117
which is more likely to spread
| lymphocytic or lymphoblastic
lymphoblastic lymphomas
118
how does CHOP work for lymphoma
C- cyclophosphamide
H - doxorubricin
O - vincristine
P - prednisolone
