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DH board review > exam3 path and nut > Flashcards

exam3 path and nut Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

DRI stands for

A

dietary reference intakes

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2
Q

malnutrition DEF

A

imbalance between nutrients the body needs and gets

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3
Q

over nutrition

A

too much calories

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4
Q

under nutrition

A

deficiency mainly of calories and protein

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5
Q

calories is a unit of

A

energy

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6
Q

functions of proteins

A

growth

repair/maintain body tissue

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7
Q

importance of protein for to oral cavity

A

growth
development
maintain pulp

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8
Q

what happens in oral cavity if protein is not present

A

crowding
teeth rotation
inadequate bone growth

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9
Q

absence of proteins can lead to what conditions

A

kwashiorkor and marasmus

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10
Q

complete proteins are from

A 
meat 
fish
poultry 
eggs
milk
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11
Q

incomplete proteins are from

A

legumes
grains
vegetables
soybeans

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12
Q

PKU aka

A

phenylketonuria

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13
Q

what is phenylketonuria

A

liver cant metab essential amino acid phenylalanine into nonessential amino acid tyrosine

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14
Q

what does phenylketonuria do

A

toxic with build up that damages nervous system in infant

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15
Q

what does phenylketonuria cause

A

retardation

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16
Q

how is PKU managed

A

restricting phenylalanine enough to support growth

supplement tyrosine

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17
Q

marasmus def

A

inadequate food intake

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18
Q

marasmus is common in age

A

6-18 months

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19
Q

what does marasmus do

A

impairs brain development and learning

MAINLY severe wasting/weakening of muscles

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20
Q

does marasmus cause edema

A

no

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21
Q

kwashiorkor def

A

severe protein/calories/carbs def

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22
Q

kwashiorkor; in ages

A

2 years

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23
Q

kwashiorkor; severe wasting of fat?

A

no

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24
Q

kwashiorkor; symptoms

A 
apathy
cant gain weight/ grow 
listlessness
changes in hair color 
edema in abdomen and legs (swelling)
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25
starvation def
MOST extreme form of marasmus | total lack of essential nutrients for long time
26
cachexia; def
severe wasting away of muscle and fat tissue
27
cachexia; wasting away result of
over production of cytokines from immune system
28
cachexia; most common form on cancer and AIDS?
yes
29
adult PEM; oral effects
decreased tooth development affected salivary flow connected tissue and bone devel affected increased acid production
30
organic compounds
proteins carbs lipids vitamins
31
monosaccharides include (5)
``` pentoses hexoses glucose fructose galactose ```
32
disaccharides include (3)
lactose sucrose maltose
33
lactose is made up of
glucose and galactose
34
sucrose is made up of
glucose and fructose
35
maltose is made up of
glucose and starch
36
polysaccharides include
starch glycogen insulin dextran
37
fibers include
cellulose hemicellulose pectin
38
cellulose found in
plants
39
hemicellulose found in
cereals
40
pectin responsible for
thickening of jams
41
functions of carbs
provide energy MAIN build tissue and replace cells burns fat
42
types of sugars
``` sucrose high fructose turbinado brown sugar maple syrup ```
43
alternative sweeteners
xylitol sorbitol mannitol
44
xylitol; mostly used for
reducing bacterial adherence to teeth
45
sorbitol most used in
diabetic food
46
mannitol made of
mannose and galactose
47
artificial sweeteners include
sucralose aspartame saccharin acesulfame-k
48
how many times sweeter than sucrose; acesulfame- k
200
49
how many times sweeter than sucrose; saccharin
500
50
how many times sweeter than sucrose; sucralose
600
51
lipids are composed of
carbon hydrogen oxygen
52
true fat are composed of
glycerol that's attached to 1,2,3 fatty acids from mono,di, or triglycerides
53
saturated fatty acids are found in
stear in animals, palm in animals, myris and lauric in coconut oil
54
monounsaturated fatty acid contains
unsaturated linkage
55
monounsaturated fatty acid found in
cooking oils
56
polyunsaturated oils contains
two or more points of unsaturation
57
lipoproteins are made in the
liver
58
LDLis the good guy or the bad guys
bad guys
59
HDL is the good or bad
good
60
LDL composed of
cholesterol
61
HDL produced by
liver and intestine
62
function of lipids
energy 9Kcal insulate fullness flavor and texture to food
63
atherosclerosis def
degenerative disease. hardening of large and medium arteries
64
atherosclerosis can lead to
CVD
65
fat soluble vitamins include; 4
A D E K
66
water soluble vitamins include; 2
B | C
67
vit-a aka
retinol
68
retinol is important for
night vision
69
vit-d aka
calciferol
70
functions for vit-d
absorbing calcium and phosphorus, mineralization of teeth and bones
71
vit-d sources
sun UV light fortified milk, butter and fatty fish
72
deficiency of vit-d can lead to
rickets in children and osteomalacia
73
rickets def
softening of bone enlarged head joints, deformed pelvis
74
osteomalacia def
calcium taken from bones bc insufficient absorption by intestines. bent posture
75
vit-e AKA
tocopherol
76
vit-e functions
protect RBC damage neural and muscle structure cellular respiration
77
vit-e deficiency
break down in RBC | anemia
78
vit-k function
blood clotting/ prothrombin
79
vit-k deficiency
hemorrhage | reduced bone mass
80
vit-c AKA
ascorbic acid
81
vit-c function
assist in wound healing
82
vit-c sources
citrus
83
vit-c deficiency
scurvy

DH board review (2 decks)

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