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Exam5 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

List the organs of the urinary system

A 
The kidneys
Renal pelvis
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
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2
Q

List four functions of the kidneys

A
  • maintain homeostasis of water, salts, acids and bases
  • excretion of nitrogenous wastes from the body
  • production of the active form of vitamin D
  • carry out gluconeogenesis during the unfed stage
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3
Q

List the three steps involves in urine formation

A

Glomerular filtiration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

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4
Q

Deamination results in this nitrogenous waste in the urine

A

Urea, it is the most abundant nitrogenous waste in the urine

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5
Q

Which urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle

A

The external uretheral

It is voluntarily relaxed to empty the bladder

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6
Q

Which uretheral spincter is composed of smooth muscle

A

The internal urethral spincter

It is not voluntarily controlled

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7
Q

Muscle ATP metabolism results in this nitrogenous waste in the urine

A

Creatinine

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8
Q

The nephrons glomerulus continues as what

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

In what part of the nephron does most reabsorption take place

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

List five abnormal constituents in urine

A

Gluose
Ketones
Blood cells
Albumin

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11
Q

In what part of the nephron does filtiration occur

A

It only occurs in the glomerulus

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12
Q

Trace the flow of blood from the renal artery back to the renal vein

A 
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Cortical radiate artery
Cortical radiate vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
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13
Q

Which artery and vein are found in the renal

A

Interlobar arteries and veins

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14
Q

Define miicturition

A

The process of urinating

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15
Q

List the four parts of a nephron from proximal to distal

A

Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop (loop of henle)
Distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

What is the glomerulus

A

A capillary bed that is part of the renal corpuscle, it produces the filtrate

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17
Q

What two structures make up the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus ans glomerular capsule

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18
Q

What region of the kidney contains the renal

A

Renal cortex

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19
Q

What do calyces drain urine into

A

Renal pelvis, from there urine is drained into the ureter

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20
Q

What blood vessel directly suppplies arterial blood to the glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

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21
Q

What blood vessels are associated with the nephron loops

Study These Flashcards
A

Vasa recta, these blood ladder-like capillaries receive blood from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons

22
Q

Where are the cortical radiate arteries located

Study These Flashcards
A

Cortex of the kidney, they are branches of the arcuate arteries

23
Q

List three differences between the female and male urethra

Study These Flashcards
A

The female urethra transports urine only; it is 1-1.5 inches long; the male urethtra has three regions and is less prone to a UTI

24
Q

In what region of the kidney are the renal pyramids located

Study These Flashcards
A

Renal medulla

25
What is the function of the anti diuretic hormone (ADH0
Reduces urinary output by reducing the amount of water eliminated from the body; reabsorbs water at the collecting duct
26
What is the trigone
Region at the base of the urinary bladder found in males and females, outlined by three openings: two ureters and the urethra
27
List the three segments of the male urethra
Prostatic urethra ( passes through the prostate gland) Intermediate/membranous urethra ( passes through the urogenital diaphragm muscle ) Spongy urethra ( passes through the corpus spongiest of the penis )
28
What is the renal pelvis
Large funnel-like structure of the kidney that connects the medulla to the ureter
29
Why are urinary tract infections more common in females
The length of the urethra is shorter in males
30
What kidney structures are located between each renal pyramid
The renal columns are located in the renal medulla and separate each renal pyramid from the next
31
Where is the kidneys fibrous capsule located
It covers that kidney, external to the renal cortex. It functions in protection
32
What structures are located at the renal hilum
Urethra, renal artery and vein
33
What is the destructor muscle
It must contract for micturition to occur
34
What is the function of the urethra in males and females
Transport urine out of the body
35
What is the name of the pressure responsible for the filtration of fluid out of the glomerulus
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the force within the glomerular capillaries (HPgc) that is responsible for pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane, into the glomerular capsule space. An increase in HPgc results in more filtrate produced
36
Where is fluid moving to in the process of filtration
From the glomerulus into the nephron’s capsule space
37
Where is fluid moving to in the process of tubular reabsorption
From the nephron into the blood
38
Where is fluid moving to in the process of tubular secretion
From the blood into the nephron
39
What blood vessel directly drains blood from the glomerulus
The efferent arteriole drains the glomerular capillary bed
40
Which segment of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) is permeable to H2O
The descending lim since it has aquaporins that function in the reabsorption of water
41
Which has a smaller diameter the afferent arteriole or the efferent arteriole
The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter, this creates a high hydrostatic blood pressure that drives the process of filtration
42
What are two types of nephrons? Which are more abundant ?
Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons Cortical nephrons are the majority
43
What is urines pH
Slightly acidic, average pH of 6 but ranging from 4.5 to 8
44
What has a higher specific gravity, water or urine
Urine has a higher specific gravity compared to water because it contains dissolved solutes
45
What is the most abundant nitrogenous waste in urine
Urea
46
What gives urine its yellow color
A pigment called urochrome
47
What is Pyuria
Presence of WBCs or pus in urine
48
What is the epithelium of the urinary bladder
Transitional epithelium
49
Where are podocytes located in the nephron
They surround the endothelial cells that makeup the wall of the glomerulus
50
What is a collecting duct
A structure that collects filtrate from nephrons
51
What organ produces urea from ammonia and CO2
The liver

Exam 5 (1 decks)

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