Exam5 Ch 18 Disorders of Blood Flow & Blood Pressure

Question 1

auditory examination of the heart

Answer 1

Auscultation

Question 2

• turbulent blood flow @ high BP associated w/irregularities, constriction, or dilation of any structure blood flows thru
• most common cause is Rheumatic Fever

Answer 2

Murmurs

Question 3

friction w/in pericardium caused by disruption of pericardial fluid

Answer 3

Rub

Question 4

• chest pain during exertion, goes away after 5-10 mins of rest
• caused by Ischemia (loss of blood flow to tissues)

Answer 4

Angina

Question 5

irregular rhythm based on RATE

• Wandering Pacemaker
• Nodal Premature
• Tachycardia
• Bradycardia

Answer 5

Arrhythmia

Question 6

SA node does not cue rest of the heart the way it should

Answer 6

Wandering Pacemaker

Question 7

premature beats generated by AV node

Answer 7

Nodal Premature

Question 8

fast heartbeat more than 100/min

Answer 8

Tachycardia

Question 9

slow heartbeat less than 60/min

Answer 9

Bradycardia

Question 10

irregular rhythm based on FUNCTION

• Atrial Fibrillation
• Ventricular Fibrillation
• Myocardial Infarction/Ischemia

Answer 10

Dysrhythmia

Question 11

flutter, no discernible P wave

Answer 11

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 12

• total erratic electrical activity
• ventricle quivers but does not contract, no cardiac output
• fatal unless treated w/immediate defibrillation

Answer 12

Ventricular Fibrillation

Question 13

chest pain/angina

Answer 13

Myocardial Infarction/Ischemia

Question 14

• block norepinephrine & epinephrine from bind to beta receptors on nerves to reduce BP
• non-selective

Answer 14

Beta Blockers

Question 15

decrease contractility, decrease heart rate, decrease conduction velocity

Answer 15

Calcium Antagonists

Question 16

prevents renin from being released which prevents angiotension II from being produced and acting on heart to make it beat faster

Answer 16

ACE Inhibitors

Question 17

• belongs to group of medicine called Nitrates
• helps prevents angina attacks, but only treats symptoms
• immediately causes vasodilation

Answer 17

Nitroglycerin

Question 18

• P-R segment greater in duration than 0.2 seconds
• Bradycardia
• caused by fxnl suppression of AV conduction

Answer 18

1 Degree/Mobitz 1

Question 19

• larger & larger duration btwn P-R segment until no QRS response
• caused by structural damage to conducting system

Answer 19

2 Degree/Mobitz 2

Question 20

• independent atrial & ventricular rates

- end point of either Mobitz I or Mobitz II AV block

Answer 20

3 Degree/Complete AV block

Question 21

• form of ateriosclerosis

- soft deposits of intra-arterial fat & fibrin that harden over time

Answer 21

Atherosclerosis

Question 22

• abnormal localized dilation of a blood vessel

- cyanosis, clammy sweat, altered heart rate

Answer 22

Aneurysm

Question 23

aneurysm bound by a complete vessel wall, blood remains w/in vascular compartment

Answer 23

True Aneurysm

Question 24

• localized tear in inner wall of artery w/formation of an extravascular hematoma that causes vessel enlargement
• usually caused by trauma

Answer 24

False/Pseudo Aneurysm

Question 25

- aneurysm covers the ventricle - does not rupture b/c lined w/scar tissue - blood collecting aneurysm makes chest bulge out

Answer 25

Ventricular Aneurysm

Question 26

- genetic predisposition - family history, advanced age, gender, African American, high sodium intake, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, low potassium/calcium/magnesium

Answer 26

Primary (Essential) Hypertension

Question 27

- result of another disease | - renal disorders, endocrine disorders, atherosclerosis, pregnancy, acute stress

Answer 27

Secondary Hypertension

Question 28

abnormal decrease in systolic & diastolic BPs that happen when standing or sitting up

Answer 28

Orthostatic Hypotension (Baroceptor reflex, postural hypotension, orthostasis)

Question 29

dilated or tortuous veins of lower extremities associated w/blood pooling

Answer 29

Varicose Veins

Question 30

induced by trauma or pressure that lowers oxygen supply leading to necrotic tissue development

Answer 30

Venous Stasis Ulcers

Question 31

on back of the hand b/c of vessel instability and subcutaneous tissue thinning

Answer 31

Senile Purpura

Question 32

- stationary blood clot | - tends to develop wherever intravascular conditions promote activation of the coagulation cascade

Answer 32

Thrombus

Question 33

- mobile clot - obstruction of a vessel that circulates in the bloodstream - more dangerous than a thrombus

Answer 33

Embolism

Question 34

Could be: - dislodged thrombus - air bubble - fat aggregate - bacteria (reason why older patients are put on antibiotic when teeth being cleaned) - cancer cells

Answer 34

Embolism

Question 35

- diminished cardiac output - decrease in peripheral blood flow - progressive accumulation of blood w/in the pulmonary circulation - a lot of pulmonary congestion - pulmonary edema at night - caused by hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, valve defects

Answer 35

Left Side Failure/Congestive Heart Failure

Question 36

- engorgement of systemic & hepatic venous systems - very little pulmonary congestion - imparis ability to move blood from systemic venous circulation into the pulmonary circulation - caused by left-sided heart failure increasing burden on right side of heart

Answer 36

Right Side Failure/Cor Pulmonale

Question 37

- most common cause of death in young athletes | - conduction defect in an asymmetrical hypertrophied septum

Answer 37

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Question 38

- cardiovascular system cannot perfuse tissues enough resulting in widespread impairment of cellular metabolism

Answer 38

Shock

Question 39

right heart failure due to primary lung disease or pulmonary hypertension

Answer 39

Cor Pulmonale