Exame Flashcards
(227 cards)
1
Q
Materia alba
A
Accumulation or aggregation of micro organisms, desquamated epithelial cells, blood cells and food debris loosely adherent to surfaces of plaques, teeth, gingiva or dental appliances
Can be reservoir of pathogen
(Or all incorrect)
2
Q
Parts of removable dentures (not bridges) are
A
Connector
Clasp
Retainer
3
Q
Stephon’s curve
A
Allows visualisation of changes in oral pH (decrease in pH) after consumption of different types of carbohydrates
4
Q
Excessive bleeding after tooth extraction can be due to
A
Cancer chemotherapy
Coagulation defects
5
Q
Which of these are anomalous teeth in shape
A
Hunghtison’s teeth
Dens confuses
6
Q
What is a “crown”
A
Restorative appliance to substitute part of the destructed teeth
Fixed prosthetics
7
Q
Infiltration anaesthesia
A
Trimecaine
Xylocaine
Articaine
8
Q
What is a Pontic
A
Substitute of the tooth
9
Q
Accompanied with relative high fever
A
herpes gingivostomatitis
10
Q
What of the following are not mesenchymal tumours
A
Verruca
Adenoblastoma
11
Q
Which factors affect more caries development
A
Frequency of sugar
12
Q
What is angle class I
A
Normocclusion
13
Q
What is the most cariogenic organisms in the mouth flora
A
Streptococcus mutant
14
Q
What is a malignant epithelial tumour
A
Spinaloma
Basaloma
Adenocarcinoma
15
Q
At what age do 1st premolar usually appear
A
10 years
16
Q
At what age do temporary teeth erupts
A
6 months
17
Q
Fluoride
A
According to WHO they are good for the prevention of the caries
18
Q
Two molar roots
A
2nd lower molars
1st lower molars
19
Q
Epulis
A
Inflammatory changes
Hormonal changes
20
Q
Diffuse channel
A
Pores in enamel
Hormonal changes
21
Q
Why dentures are required
A
Eating
Speaking
Facial expression
Appearance
22
Q
By aphtae are not affected
A
Hard palate
Gingival margins
Dorsum of the tongue
Vermillion zone
23
Q
Which disease has high risk of pathological bleeding
A
DH
24
Q
Which wounds in the face can be treated with primary suture
A
Non penetrating wounds
Superficial injuries
25
If a tooth is totally displaced from its socked
Must be kept in a wet place to reclaim its humidity during transportation
26
The 1st permanent central incisors erupt usually at
7 years old
27
Causes of purulent inflammation of oral cavity and face are
Teeth with gangrenous pulp, root and root fragments
Inflammation of cyst
Fractures and facial injuries
Pericoronities
28
Sign of Vincent
Anaesthesia or pars thesis of lower lip
Caused by pressure or inflammation or tumour in mandible channel
29
Precancerous lesions in oral cavity
Can be caused by irritation and chronic inflammation
Create a certain predisposition to cancer
Are also cheilitis actinica, keratoma senile, Cornu cutaneum
30
The 1st permanent molar erupts
6 years
31
Best material for fissure sealing is
Silver amalgam
Liquid, light-eating composite material
32
Recommend daily number of NaF tablets for child >4 is
4 tablets
33
Recommended daily number of NaF tablets for a child >4 years is
1 tablet
34
Dental calculus
Provides a fixed nidus for accumulation of bacterial plaque
Holds the plaque against the gingiva
Formed due to the mineralisation of dental plaque
35
To make a resection of the apex of the dental root (with a small cytogranuloma around it) we use
Horizontal section
Portsch (cystectomy, endodontic treat)
36
Which type of projection do we use more at fracture of lower jaw
Orthopontonogram
37
The symbol/sign of mandibular right 1st premolar in debit system is
44
38
The symbol of temporary mandibular left 2nd incisor in the 2 digit system is
72
39
Temporary 1st molar usually erupts at
12 m
40
Long lasting fluoridation can lower dental caries
40 - 70%
41
Recommended content of F- drinking water (as a prevention of caries)
1 mg/l
42
The main 2 forms of periodontal disease are
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
43
Why dentures are necessary
To minimise the risk of caries by preventing food stagnation
Important feature of the face
Tongue and lips to form some of the sounds of the speech
Prevent lifting, rotation or even eruption of teeth
44
A partial denture is
Restoration, removable by the patient
Replace of natural teeth in mandible
Replace of natural teeth in maxilla
45
Immediate dentures
Denture constructed before teeth extraction
46
The 4 sorts of treatment of malignant tumours
Surgery
Radiation
Antineoplastic chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
47
Diplopoda and/or enophthalmos are a symptom of
Fracture of lower orbital wall and/or zygomaticomaxillary complex
"Blow out fracture" of the orbit
48
Excision of the wound in the face
Should not be performed
In some cases only when extremely destroyed tissues are present
49
Fracture of the root
in apical and middle 1/3 are able to repair themselves
50
Four clinical signs of inflammation
Pain - dolor
Redness -rubror
Temperature -calor
Mass - tumour
51
Osteomyelitis of the jaw
More often in mandible due to dense bone
In the suppurations inflammation of BH of bone
52
Which anaesthetic belong to mucosal/topical
Gingicaine
Tetracaine
53
If the patient is after MI/ pregnancy we are able to extract tooth or another operation
After 6 m
54
If we want to extract a too the risky patients
Sclerosis multiplex
DM
55
Symbol for permanent mandibular left 2nd incision in the 2 digit system
32
56
Benign mesenchymal tumour
Grow slowly and expansive
57
Mesenchymal tumour is not
By this method lower systemic effect -effects of chemo. agents
58
Premature loss of any tooth may cause
Gingival damage
Certain sibilance in speech
59
Partial dentures can be classified in
Tooth - born
Mucosa - born
Tooth - mucosa born
60
Leukoplakia is
Pre-malignancy of mucous mm
61
Translucent dentin which is produced by chronic irritation of caries is
Selenotic zone of dentin of bottom of caries cavity
62
Release of pain with acute apical periodontitis is achieved
By drainage of periapical space
63
Febrile system upset is characteristic clinical feature for
Herpetic gingivitis
64
Main histological features of white lesions are
Abnormal keratinisation
Variable hyper and hypoplasia of epithelium
Variable degree of disordered maturation of epithelium
65
Function of dental pulp
Sensitivity
Nutrition
Defence
Dentiogenesis
66
Main cause of periodontal disease
Dental microbial plaque
67
Temporary cavities usually except at
16 months
68
Name of pulp cells responsible for denteogenesis
Odontoblasts
69
Radiographic examination is necessary in diagnosing
Deep caries
Pulpitis
Apical periodontitis
Cyst
70
LeFort picture
Lower sub-zygomatic fracture
Upper sub-zygomatic fracture
Supra-zygomatic fracture
71
In bleeding of cheeks which vessels should be ligate
Facial artery
72
Sutures for deep layers of wound
Catgut
Vicryl
73
Treatment for partial dislocation (subluxation)
Teeth should be reduced to normal position and fixed with plastic materials/casts to the surrounding teeth
74
Secondary dentin
Formed after eruption of teeth
75
Most common treatment for abscess in face
Incision and drainage
ATB therapy
76
What should be done first to a patient
Restore cardiac and breathing function
77
What can we see in radio-diagnostic methods in facial fractures
Asymmetry of face
Bone fragments overlapping causing "double-density"
Cortical defect or diastolic entire
Non an atomic linear lucencies
78
What are the indirect radiographic signs of facial fractures
ST swelling
Peri-orbital or intracranial air
Fluid in paranasal sinus
79
Meanings
Saddler: in kennedy's classification- partial removable denture
Retainer - in bridges - fixed partial and removable partial
Pontic: only in bridges (fixed partial)
Connector: fixed partial + removable partial
Abutment : fixed partial
80
How can microbes reach the pulp
Dentine tubules
Pulp exposure
Apical foramen
81
Fur is partial missing in
Atrophy of filiform papillae
Psoriasis
Geographic tongue
Scarlet fever
82
Fur is diminished in
Vit B deficiency
Iron deficiency
Toxic allergy
83
Blow out fracture
Fracture of orbital floor
84
Fixed partial dentures consist of
Retainer
Connector
Pontic
Abutment
85
We need to suture after both extraction patients with
DM
HT
86
Most remarkable entry of microbes into pulp is by
Dental caries
87
Nerve is sensitive by which disease
Herpes zoster
Herpes simplex
88
Gingivitis is due to
Sugar intake
Malnutrition during pregnancy
Frequency of sugar
89
Dissociation of enamel
pH = 5.2
90
Angular stomatitis
Iron deficiency
Vitamin B deficiency
Candida albicans
Staphylococcus aureus
91
Smooth tongue
Atrophy papillae
Iron deficiency
Vitamin B deficiency
92
Bein's Elevator
Simple root extraction in maxilla and mandible
93
Leclure's elevator
For extraction of the 3rd molars
94
Borry winter's and schlemer's elevator
Extraction of only mandible roots
95
Most common cause of gingival bleeding
Poor hygiene
Vitamin C deficiency
96
Treatment of orofacial inflammation
Invasion
Drainage
ATB
97
What kind of anaesthesia is used in stomatology
Regional (nerve trunk)
Infiltration
Topical/mucosal
98
Which projection in radiography is used for nasomaxillary fractures
Semi-axial or Wattern view
99
Picture of dental forceps
Left molar dental forceps
100
Fibroma
Dis tends the bone, disroots the teeth
Due to chronic mucosal irritation
101
Mandibular fracture
Vincent's sign
Facial nerve injury
Pain
Dental fractures
Facial/occlusal deformities
102
Hairy leukoplakia occurs in
HIV patients
Immunosuppressed patients
103
Amalgam is the best material for
Distal teeth
104
The forceps can be
Curved
Straight
105
Xerostomia occurs in
Sjögren's syndrome
High radiation
Anti epileptic drugs
106
Dentition deficits
Lower 3rd molar
107
Radicular cyst treatment
Surgery (extraction, elevation)
108
Lingual stomatitis
Due to iron deficiency
Plummer-Vinson disease
109
If tongue is read
Lichen ruber planum -glossitis
110
Drainage of abscess when
Cysts are present
111
What can you get when you have gangrene
Cyst inflammation
Pulp inflammation / necrosis
112
The forceps can be
Curved
Straight
113
Xerostomia occurs in
Sjögren's syndrome
High radiation
Anti epileptic drugs
114
Dentition deficits
Lower 3rd molar
115
Radicular cyst treatment
Surgery (extraction, elevation)
116
Lingual stomatitis
Due to iron deficiency
Plummer-Vinson disease
117
Radicular cyst
Hard tissue development of cyst
118
How to diagnose tongue carcinoma
History, Biopsy
119
Too the concussion
Sensitive to P and T changes
No pathological movement
120
Saliva's function are
Self cleaning teeth
Redimatization of initial caries in tooth surface
Maintains optimal pH in oral cavity by buffering its capacity
121
What causes gingivostomatitis
HSV-1
122
Dry gangrene
Complication of tooth extraction
Present in problems of coagulation
123
The sizes of extra-oral x-Ray picture and often are
15-18cm
24-29 cm
124
Pulp gangrene
Responds to hot stimulus
Symptoms pass
125
Dry socket
Osteitis of socket following tooth removal, usually 2-4 days after extraction
Socket is inflamed and exposed bone is usually visible
Exocrine factor and regional lymphadenitis are present
Therapy: gently cleaning, irrigating and draining of socket for several days
126
Most often x-Ray method used in dentistry
Extra oral
127
Which one of the following is not apical disease:
Dental caries
128
Name de 15th tooth
Deciduous right upper 2nd premolar
129
Name 51st tooth
Deciduous right upper central incisor
130
Name the different planes
Craniofacial III
Sub-zygomatic II
Trans-maxillary I
131
What's the following instrument and what is its use
Extraction forceps for lower molars (curved)
132
Fibroma is
Small, localised, slightly raised nodule <10mm, typically occurring in vestibule
With smooth surface similar in colour to surrounding mucosa
Always asymptomatic
Microscopically hypo cellular fibrous tissue that doesn't invade surrounding tissue
Excision is curative
133
1 root teeth
Incisors
Canines
Lower premolars
Upper 2nd premolar
134
2 root teeth
Lower molars
Upper 1st premolars
135
3 root teeth
Upper molars
136
Heimlich's manouvre
Used after aspiration of tooth
137
Valsalve's examination after extraction of premolars and molars in upper jaw
Get patient to try to blow out again closed nose, if air bubbles pass through empty socket in to CC
If positive then closure of communication is possible with Buccaneers advancement flap
138
What is trismus
Max physiological distance between incisors of upper and lower jaw is restricted
40-60mm is the normal amplitude
139
What is an apical abscess
Acute inflammation of tooth socket with pus formation
Accompanied with pain, tenderness to enervation
Therapy:drainage of pus via root canal, incision of fluctuant abscess or extraction
140
Causes of lymphadenitis
Common: dental abscess, pericoronitis, tonsillitis
Rare: TB, atypical myelobacteria, AIDS, toxoplasmosis, actinomycosis, sarcoidosis, cat scratch fever, syphilis
141
What is cervicofacial actinomycosis
Caused by actinomyces israeli, usually SC forming chronic sinus with ours containing sulphur granule
Therapy: combined : penicillin + surgical
142
What is an odontogenic fistula
Natural drainage of an abscess which perforated spontaneously mucosa or skin
143
Enumerate some ST cysts in cornicofacial region
Mucoceles
Ranula
Neck cysts
Dermoid/epidermoid cysts
144
Apicoectomy
Common surgical aid to endodontics
In LA: incision/elevation mucoperiosteal flap -> cystic and granulation tissue removed
Indicated when : teeth with infection due to apical cyst, roof perf. And fracture in apical 1/3, teeth with past crown and apical pathologies, when breaking in the root enamel
145
What is sialadenitis
Inflammation of radiopaque stones with SG in most cases
Acute bacterial
Viral
Recurrent - mirbus player
146
What is sialothiliasis
Formation of radiopaque stones within SG
147
What is sialosis
Painless swelling of SG, mostly bilateral with low saliva
148
What are dental implants
Alloplastic materials that can be incorporated into the jaw bone replacing natural teeth
Materials include: titanium, coated with hydroxyapatite, plasma-sprayed titanium inert and biocompatible material
Types: superiosteal, transosteal
149
Gingival enlargement may occur in
Acute leukaemia
Side effect of drugs
150
What is a true periodontal pocket
Space between gingiva and part of dental root covered with bone socket
151
Enumerate tips and goal of periodontal surgery
Curative
Preventive
Cosmetic
152
Explain zaigmondi system
┘upper right Q
└ upper left Q
┐lower right Q
┌ lower left Q
153
Haderup system
More for maxillae
Less for mandible
154
Mandible teeth
First to erupt in temporary dentition and in permanent dentition with exception of premolars
Subject of osteomyelitis and Subject to fractures
155
Child should have
8 teeth by the end of the 1st year
16 teeth by the end of 2nd year
All temporary teeth erupted by 30 months
156
Disorders of hard tissues include
Dental caries
Tooth wear
Developmental defects
Trauma
157
Developmental debts may be
Acquired:
- intrinsic factors: inf. Diseases, disruption of vital membranes, mineral metabolism, hormones metabolism
- extrinsic factors: injury, infection
- enamel disturb: hypoplasia, hypo-mineralisation
- congenital syphilis
- fluorosis
- tetracycline teeth
Hereditary: tooth no, shape, size, structure
- amelogenesis imperfecta
- Dentiogenesis imperfecta
158
What are ameloblasts
Special cells of dental pulp responsible for tooth development
159
What is the meaning of "ring bone rule"
If you see a fracture or a dislocation in a ring bone or its equivalent, look for another fracture
160
Sources of inflammation of pulp-pulpitis
Main source of various dentin
Less frequently apical foramen
Overheating during prosthetic crown perforation
Acute/chronic traumatic irritation of teeth
161
Acute pulpitis
Reversible: sharp pain to irritation (stops when stimuli is removed)
Irreversible: intense T sensitivity, spontaneous pain, sensitive to P
Upper teeth: pain in temporal/frontal area
Lower teeth: ear and occipital areas
Treatment: pulpetomy (partial), pulpectomy (total), tooth extraction
162
Chronic pulpitis
Chronic inflammation
Treatment depends on removing disease pulp and root canal killing
Clinical symptoms are very mild
163
Necrosis gangrene
Consequence of irreversible pulpitis, traumatic injury, chemical injury
Penetration of microorganisms with dry necrosis
No response to cold stimulus
Pain in hot stimulus
Colour change to grey
Usually asymptomatic
164
Microbes penetrate into necrotic pulp through
Caries cavity
Apex
Blood stream
165
Periapical lesion develops
Once the pulp dies (infection through the periodontium)
Acute apical periodontitis
Chronic apical periodontitis
Chronic apical periodontitis with acute symptom
Apical cyst
166
Chronic apical periodontitis
Typical formation of granulation tissue in periapical area
Larger abscesses present
Diffuse process on x-Ray or localised
Pain is not a feature, unless it changes into an acute process
Treatment
- conservative: endodontic root canal; surgical resection of tooth apex and curettage of granulation tissue
- surgical: extraction
167
Morphology of caries process
Earliest clinical evidence: white spot lesions
Continued acid attack: Enamel change from smooth and cavitation
When reaches dentin enamel function
As destruction approaches pulp
168
Positive complication of deep caries
Pulpitis
Necrosis gangrene
Periodontitis
Osteitis
Periostitis
Abscess formation
169
Changes between natural and artificial teeth
Natural : firmly rooted
Artificial : rest on alveolar ridges
170
The prosthesis should
Contribute to mastication
Increase ability of patient to enumerate
Restore and preserve contacts between abutment and approximating teeth
Maintain position of opposite teeth and health of supporting structures
171
Advantage of bridges
Don't require support from mucosa
Only occupy same space as natural teeth
Withstand greater masticatory loads than dentures
Patients not aware of them
Bridge in situ for 24h
172
Disadvantages of bridges
Confined to short spans bounded by healthy teeth
Time consuming contraction require great precision
Not easily cleared since they are fixed
If damage repair is costly
173
What is Kennedy classification
Classification of partial denture based on the relationship of saddles to natural teeth
I. Bilateral free-end saddles posterior to the natural teeth
II unilateral free-end posterior to the natural teeth
III abounded unilateral having natural teeth at each end
IV a banded saddle anterior to the natural teeth
174
Enumerate disadvantages of partial dentures
Can cause caries and gingivitis
Can damage supporting tissues of teeth by filling too closely into gingival crevices
May loosen natural teeth by leakage
Can cause traumatic damage to the mucosa
175
Enumerate advantages of partial dentures
Can be constructed for any case
Cheaper
More easily cleared
More easily repaired
Don't involve normally much preparation of natural teeth
176
Meaning of edentulous
When someone looses all his teeth
177
Concerning cleft palate
Basic problem: inability to close at will nasopharynx from oral pharynx
Treatment combined with plastic surgeon and orthodontist and speech therapist
178
Classification of dental abnormalities
Dental: position, number, site, shape
Bite
Dental arches
Skeleton
179
Describe anomalies at position = posture of the teeth
Anomalous shift
Anomalous eruption (dytopia)
Rotation
Supra-occlusion
Intra-occlusion
Transposition
Impaction retention
180
Anomalies in tooth number
Hyperdontia
Hypodontia
Anodontia
181
Anomalies in tooth size
Macrodontia
Microdontia
182
Anomalies of bite
Horizontal open bite
Vertical open bite
Deep bite
Closed bite
Reverse bite
Edge to edge bite
183
The root movement is
A periodontal ligament phenomenon
Occur when: compressed PDL causes cellular changes into osteoclasts -> removed bone
184
Orthodontic removable appliances
Active - more mechanical - orthodontic plates
Passive - functional - changes extent and direction of orofacial growth
Advantages: treat malocclusion in deciduous, mixed and early permanent dentition, possible to take off
Disadvantages: incompetence to produce precise control
185
Orthodontic fixed appliances
Active arch wires: stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, nickel-titanium
Major advantage: precision of control of tooth movement (permanent dentition)
Disadvantages: need of excellent oral hygiene to prevent bacterial plaque and gingivitis
186
Most common performed surgeries
Sagittarius split osteotomy of mandible
Le foret I osteotomy of maxilla
187
Stability of osteotomy den by
Internal fixation
Wire fixation
188
Midfacial osteotomy
Performed at the le fort I, II, III, in cleft lip and palate patients
Able to move and rotate maxilla in all directions
189
Bimaxillary correction
Combination of mandibular and maxillary osteotomies
Indicated in almost 60% of all orthognathic surgeries
190
CV complications expected in patients with
Ischemic HD
States of post MI
HT
Hyperthyroidism
191
CV main risk
High supply of adrenaline
Heart rhythm disorders in digitalised patients
Attack of angina pectoris or MI
192
Recommendations to avoid bleeding
Info about actual state of hemocoagulation -> max 1.5 INR
Treat postoperative wound by suture, weal, hemostatin, fibrin tissue, glues, anti-fibrotic
In hemodialysis patients -> surgical procedures carried in the day after dialysis
193
Patients with enhanced ability to infect
After transplantation
Rheumatic arthritis
Multiple sclerosis
Inflamed bowel disease
DH
Hepatopathy/ nephropathy
AIDS
194
Focal infection
Normally simple infection of dental origin
195
Impaired wound healing
Typical in diabetics
Long-term corticosteroid therapy
Nutritional deficiency/cachexia
196
Attack states happen in
Epilepsy
Glaucoma
Bronchial asthma
197
Risk of transmission of viral infection
Highest in viral hepatitis (B, C) and HIV
198
Oncologie patients present
Oral mucous manifestations
High risk of infection
High risk of post-extraction bleeding
When cachectic all surgeries are contraindicated
High curiosity
Low ability of wound healing
Danger of osteomyelitis development
199
Initial threshold of dosage irradiation
50 Gy
200
Concerning irradiation treatment patients
Extraction in areas of straight irradiation performed minimally 7-10 days before the onset of the radiotherapy
Avoid extract during radiotherapy
Only performed prosthodontic restoration after 3-4 m after radiotherapy was finished
Recommended not to wear removable dentures during radiotherapy
201
Atypical facial pain
Continuos, deep, diffuse pain of variable intensity and severity with no obvious pathology
Mainly affects females 40-50 years
Treat:TCA
202
Trigeminal neuralgia
Severe paroxysmal pain lasting seconds in 1 or > branches of the V nerve
Response to carbamazepine (diagnostic)
tt: peripheral injection of local anaesthesia solution: infraorbital, alveolar int. nerve block
Carbamazepine, phenytoin and baclofen
203
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
V neuralgia, triggered by swallowing, coughing and chewing
204
Temporal arthritis
Vascular pain syndrome mainly in elderly: unilateral and/or jaw pain
Clinical affect any artery mainly temporal/occipital branches of ECA
Clinical symptom:thickened/ tender artery, low pulsation
High ESR, height C-reactive protein, temporal artery biopsy
tt: systemic steroids : high dose of prednisolone
205
Cluster headache
Unilateral pain mainly in ocular, frontal and temporal regions
Last 30-90 min accompanied with rhinorrhea, lacrimation, conjunct injection
Alcohol may be a precipitant
206
Acute temporal joint dislocation
Hippocrates's manoeuvre (thumbs pressure to molar region)
207
Which are the predominant components of resident oral microflora
Bacteria
208
Major origins of odontogenic infection
Periapical
Periodontal
209
Temporomandibular disorders
Symptoms: jaw pain/ noice, headache, truisms, chewing
Basic classification:
I. Masticatory mm disorders myositis, myofascial pain
II. Temporomandibular joint disorders derangement of condyle-disc complex
III. Chronic mandibular hypo-mobility ankylosis, mm. contraction
IV. Growth disorders congenital/development, neoplasia
Initial H: conservative, reversible and non invasive analgesics, antidepressant, tranquilliser, sedative, muscle relaxant
When changes are permanent or conservative treat is non-effect -> surgery or arthroscopic surgery
210
Metastatic infection is
Am infection that occurs at a location separate from the portal entry of the bacteria
Several conditions: susceptible location, bacteria sending, high quantity of bacteria , high duration of bacteremia
211
Dental procedure ps with bacteremia risk
Dental extractions
Implant placement and tooth re-implantation
Surgical/non-surgical periodontal procedures
Endodontic instrumental beyond the root apex or endodontic surgery
Initial placement of orthodontic bands
Intraligmentary injection
Prophylaxis when bleeding is expected
Sub-gingival placement of ATB fibres or strips
212
Zygomatic-frontal and frontal-nasal lesions
Type III LeFort
213
Metastasis of tumours
Inoculation
Blood stream
Different histological features
Lymphatics
214
Angular cheilitis
Protein deficiency
Ca deficiency
215
White patches
Candida
Leukoplakia
216
Oligodontia
Abnormal teeth number
217
Symptoms of acute pulpitis
Attacks of spontaneous pain
218
Saliva
Reservoir of Fluor
Calcium
Phosphate
Antacid
219
Fibroma
Metastasis
Slow growth
220
Smooth and red tongue due to papillary atrophy, typical of
Lichen tongue
Fe deficiency anemia
221
Fracture in zygomaticofrontal and zygomaticnasal
LeFort II
LeFort III
222
Metastasis of tumours
By inoculation
Via bloodstream
Their histological features are different from the primary tumour
Via lymphatic vessels
223
Angular cheilitis
Protein deficiency
Ca deficiency
Candida infection
Tuberculosis
224
White patches
Candida infection
Leukoplakia
225
Diffuse channels
Parallel to dentine
Roots of enamel spaces
226
Peripheral cause of gingivitis and varices forms of periodontitis
Bacterial
227
What are town's fingers
Odontoblasts process in dentin
