Examen 3 Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
pH
A
7.35-7.45
2
Q
paO2
A
75-100
3
Q
paCO2
A
35-45
4
Q
paCO3
A
22-26
5
Q
ARDS - phases
A
- Exudative: capillary congestion, alveolar necrosis…
- Proliferative: type 2 pnuemocyte, macrophages
- Fibrotic/Resolution: scar tissue and restructuring
6
Q
ARDS
A
diffuse alveolar damage
noncardiogenic pulm edema
hypoxemia
7
Q
ARDs - causes
A
- direct lung injury - pneumonia, trauma
2. indirect lung injury - sepsis, burn, pancreatitis
8
Q
Post-Op Respiratory Failure
A
- atelectasis
- pneumonia
- pulmonary edema
- PE
9
Q
PE - Classic Triad
A
dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis
10
Q
PE - etiology
A
popiteal thrombi, gyne surgery, indwelling cath, hypercoag (HTN)
11
Q
Pulmonary HTN
A
- primary- idiopathic
2. secondary- cardiac, pulm
12
Q
SCI - Intro
A
- NT release - inflammation
- vascular injury- hematoma, ischemia
- microhemorrhage in gray matter
- edema- dec blood flow, ischemia
- spinal shock - hypotension
13
Q
Central Cord Syndrome
A
- hyperextension
- greater motor impairment in upper vs lower
14
Q
Sacral Sparing
A
- preserved voluntary rectal sphincter
2. perianal sensation
15
Q
Anterior Cord Syndrome
A
- hyperreflexion
- m + s loss below site of injury
- fine touch preserved
16
Q
Brown-Sequard
A
- penetrate one side’
- motor loss same side
- sensory loss opposite side
17
Q
Spinal Shock
A
- transient
- initial HTN, then HoTN, loss motor fxn, muscle flaccidity, etc
18
Q
Neurogenic Shock
A
-HoTN, brady, hypothermia
19
Q
Autonomic hyperreflexia
A
- uncontrolled CV response from SNS
- paroxysmal HTN, h/a, brady
- full bladder and bowel
20
Q
Parkinsons’
A
substantia nigra, dopa
21
Q
Guillian Barre
A
AI myelin in PNS
22
Q
Myasthenia Gravis
A
AI ACh receptors
23
Q
ALS
A
- muscle atrophy & lacteral hardening of SC d/t nerve degeneration
- too much glutamate? unknown etiology
24
Q
MS
A
AI myelin CNS
25
Peripheral Neuropathy
damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of or trauma to the nerve or the side effects of systemic illness
26
Cerebral Palsy
motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development, chiefly in the various areas of body movement
-cerebral insult to immature brain
27
HCV
parenteral; no vaccine
28
Cirrhosis - Types
disrupt structure; replace w/ collagen and fat
1. Laennec's
2. Biliary
3. Post-necrotic
4. Metabolic
5. Other - tumor, trauma, infection, RVF
29
Cirrhosis - Sx
1. Jaundice
2. Infection Sx
3. Immune Deposits
4. Hypoalbuminenia
5. Portal HoTN - ascites, varices, hepatic encephalopathy
6. Coagulopathies: GI bleed, DIC
7. F/E Imbalance - dec Na + K, vasodil, increased osmolarity--> peripheral edema
8. Hepatorenal Syndrome
9. Toxin accumulation - sex hxms
30
Hepatic Failure
80-90% loss
31
Peds
Jaudice, Kernicterus, biliary atresia, acute infection, Wilson;s
32
Hep Failure - Tx
- prevent infection
- Na restriction
- diuretic
- D/C hepatox drugs
- paracentesis
- portal caval shnts
- clotting factor replacements
- vit b12, thiamine, folic acid + lactulose
- low ptn diet
33
AST
5-60
34
ALT
5-43
35
ALP
30-115
36
Bili
0.2-1.2
37
Ptn
6.5-8.2
38
Albumin
4-6
39
Lab
1. LFTs
2. Bili
3. Ptn
4. Ammonia
5. Clotting
40
Transplant - CONTRA
1. end stage cardiopulm
2. mets cancer
3. active sepsis
4. AIDs
5. psych
41
Transplant - Complications
1. rejection
2. infection
3. biliary anastamosis leakage
4. hemorrhage
5. hepatic artery thrombosis
6. acute renal failure
42
Pancreatitis
non-bac inflammation
activate/liberate enzmes
autodigestion
--> edematous or hemorrhagic
43
Pancreatic Abcesses
amylase >2.5x, inc BS + K, low Mg, Ca, albumin
44
Tx - ARDs
nitrous oxide,
anti-inflammatories/steroids,
exogenous surfactant,
recombinant human protein C
45
PE
- fibrinolytics (tPa, alteplase, streptokinase),
| - heparin (anticoag),
46
Pulm HTN
- prostacylin analogues (treprostinil)
- endothelin receptor antagonists (Bosentan)
- phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (Sidenafil, Revatio; open pulm BV)
- HI dose CCB
- anti-coag
- diuretics
47
Parkinsons'
- Levodopa (sinemet)
- anticholinergics
- dopamine agonists
48
Guillain-Barre
- plasmaphoresis
| - IV Ig
49
MG
- anticholinersterase agents (neostigmine/pyridostigmine, inc NM transmission)
- immunosuppressants (prednisone, azthio, cyclo, tacro, myco...)
50
ALS
riluzole/rilutek (dec glutamate)
51
Cerebral Palsy
- baclofen (antispasmodic)
| - botox
52
MS
1. B-interferons (Avonex, betaseron, rebif): balances the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory agents in the brain, and reduces the number of inflammatory cells that cross the blood brain barrier.
2. Copolymer I/Copaxone: synthetic myelin ptn
3. Novantrone/mitoxantrone: Immunosuppresants ; cardiac s/e
4. natalizumab/tysabri: monoclonal Ab
5. immunemodulators
53
Hepatitis
1. antivirals
| 2. immune modulators (interferon, ribavim)
54
hep failure
vitamins, diuretics, vit k (aquametphyton), lactulose
55
Transplant
1. Anti-rejection meds- tacro, etc...
2. Antivirals- bactrim, acclovir, ganicyclovir
3. PPI/H2- rantidine, pepcid
