EXAMINATION

Question 1

WHAT SPINAL LEVELS ARE TESTED WITH THE BICEPS REFLEX

Answer 1

C5-6

Question 2

WHAT SPINAL LEVELS ARE TESTED WITH THE BRACHIORADIALIS REFLEX

Answer 2

C6-7

Question 3

WHAT SPINAL LEVELS ARE TESTD WITH THE TRICEPS REFLEX

Answer 3

C7-8

Question 4

WHAT ARE THE MOVEMENT USED TO TEST MOTOR STRENGTH AT C4-T1

Answer 4

4= SHOULDER SHRUG
5=GH ABDUCTION
6=ELBOW FLEXION
7=ELBOW EXTENSION
8=FINGER FLEXION
1=FINGER ADDUCTION

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE RATINGS 5-0 FOR MUSCLE STRENGTH

Answer 5

5=COMP ROM, GRAVITY, FULL RESISTANCE
4=COMP ROM, GRAVITY, SOME RESISTANCE
3= COMP ROM, GRAVITY, NO RESISTANCE
2=COMP ROM, SOME ASSISTANCE, GRAVITY ELIMINATED
1= SLIGHT MUSCLE CONTRACTION, JO MOTION
0=NO EVIDENCE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Question 6

WHAT NERVES ARE TESTED BY ULNDT1

Answer 6

MEDIAN NERVE, ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE (5,6,7)

Question 7

WHAT NERVES ARE TESTED BY ULNDT2

Answer 7

MEDIAL, MUSCULOCUTANEOUS, AXILLARY

Question 8

WHAT NERVE IS TESTED BY ULNDT3

Answer 8

RADIAL

Question 9

WHAT NERVES ARE TESTED BY ULNDT4

Answer 9

ULNAR NERVE, C8-T1 NERVE ROOTS

Question 10

WHAT IS THE GRADING FOR PULSES

Answer 10

3= BOUNDING
2= NORMAL
1= WEAK/ DIMINSHED
0- ABSENT

Question 11

WHAT REGIONAL OBSERVATIONS WOULD YOU DO WHEN ASSESSING THE CERVICAL SPINE

Answer 11

CERVICAL SCREEN
UPPER EXTREMITY REGIONAL SCREEN

Question 12

WHAT SPINAL LEVEL IS THE HYOID BONE IN LINE WITH

Answer 12

C2/3

Question 13

WHAT SPINAL LEVEL IS THE THYROID CARTILAGE IN LINE WITH

Answer 13

C4/5

Question 14

WHAT SPINAL LEVEL IS THE CRICOID RING IN LINE WITH

Answer 14

C6

Question 15

WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF SEGMENTAL DEFINITON

Answer 15

DIAGNOSTIC PALP, JOINT PLAY (TRANSLATION), SEGMENTAL ARTICULATION

Question 16

WHAT DOES SHARP PURSER TEST FOR

Answer 16

CERVICAL LIGAMENT INSTABILITY

Question 17

WHAT DOES ALAR LIG STRESS TEST, TEST FOR

Answer 17

ALAR LIGAMENT INSTABILITY/ LAXITY

Question 18

WHAT ARE THE ATTACHMENTS OF THE ALAR LIGAMENT

Answer 18

DENS - BASE OF SKULL

Question 19

WHAT ARE THE ATTACHMENTS OF THE TRANSVERSE LIG

Answer 19

SMALL TUBERCLE ON THE MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE LATERAL MASS’ OF ATLAS

Question 20

WHAT IS SPURLINGS TESTING FOR

Answer 20

FACET ISSUES AND SPINAL NERVE COMPRESSION

Question 21

WHAT IS THE DISTRACTION TEST TESTIONG FOR

Answer 21

SPINAL NERVE COMPRESSION

Question 22

WHAT ARE THE 6 THERAPUTIC MECHANISMS OF SOFT TISSUE TECHNIQUES

Answer 22

REDUCTION IN PAIN
INCREASED FLUID DRAINAGE
STRETCHING SHORTENED TISSUES
PROMOTION OF HEALING AND COLLAGEN REMODELLING
RELEX MUSCLE RELAXATION
REDUNCE ANXIETY, PROMOTE RELAXATION

Question 23

WHAT ARE THE 5 THERAPUTIC MECHANISMS OF COUNTERSTRAIN

Answer 23

NOCICEPTOR MODEL
NEUROLOGICAL MODEL
CIRCULATORY MODEL
FIBROBLAST MODEL
IDEOMOTION

Question 24

WHAT IS TEH IDEOMOTION MODEL

Answer 24

BASED OFF THE BIOPSUCHOSOCIAL MODEL, AND HOW ONE PRECEIVES PAIN WHERE IF SOMEONE IS HELPING US MOVE, DO WE MOVE BETTER?

Question 25

WHAT IS THE NOPCICEPTOR MODEL

Answer 25

THE MORE SIGNALS THAT YOU GET IN TO THE TISSUES MODERATES AND DULLS DOWN THE PAIN, DESENSITISING THE PAIN SIGNALS

Question 26

WHAT ARE THE THERAPUTIC MECHANISMS OF MET

Answer 26

INHIBITION OF PAIN (MECHANORECEPTORS) INPROVED FLUID DRAINAGE IMPROVED MOTOR CONTROL AND PROPRIOCEPTION LENGTHENS MUSCLES AND TISSUES

Question 27

WHAT ARE THE LEVERAGES OF UPSLOPE HVLA

Answer 27

PRIMARY ROTATION SECONDARY SB

Question 28

WHAT ARE THE LEVERAGES OF DOWNSLOPE HVLA

Answer 28

PRIMARY SB SECONDARY ROTATION

Question 29

WHAT ARE THE ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR HVLA

Answer 29

BONE = ANY PATHOLOIGY THAT HAS LED TO BOEN WEAKENING NEURO = ANY COPMPRESSION OF SPINAL NERVES, CORD OR CAUDA EQUINA VASCULAR = CAD LACK OF DX LACK OF CONSENT PATIENT POSITIONING CANNOT BE ACHIEVED

Question 30

WHAT ARE SOME RELATIVE CONTRINDICATIONS OF HVLA

Answer 30

PREVIOUS ADVERSE REACTION REGNANCY OSTEOPOROSIS VERTIGO PSYCH DEPENDENCE ON HVLA

Question 31

WHAT ARE THE THERAPUTIC MECHANISMS OF HVLA

Answer 31

INCREASED ROM DECREASED PAIN

Question 32

HOE DOES HVLA INCREASE ROM

Answer 32

when two joint surfaces are pulled apar there is a change in volume and pressure withiun the joint cavity, once the pressure of c02 is reached, the dissolved co2 in the synovial fluid combines to form one bubble that then collapses aka tribonucleation. it is speculated whether the sound comes from the formation or collapse of the bubble. as joint volume is icreased there is less kg of force required to create mm of gaps between the joint surfaces, hence increasing ROM

Question 33

HOW DOES HVLA REDUCE PAIN

Answer 33

pain is transported from perceived stimulus picked up via nociceptors to the spinal cord via first order neurons, which then synapse with second order neurons and carry the signals to the brain order neurons, hvla acts to inhibit this pathway through the activation of interneurons which stops the synapse between 1st and 2nd order neurons, stopping the transportation of pain signals, decreasing perception of pain. they can also resuce main through the activation of mechanoreceptors that create a 'pain gate' which also stops the transduction of the afferent signals

Question 34

what are the risks of HVLA

Answer 34

TENDERNESS BRUSING DISC HERNIATION, NERVE ROOT COMPRESION, CERVICAL AND THORACIC STRAIN STROKE AND NEURO DEFICITS