Examine the limitations of Agencies in achieving social control - AC3.3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the factors that can prevent agencies from achieving social control?
Repeat Offending
Civil Liberties
Funding and Resources
Local and National Policies
Crime with a Moral Imperative
How can re-conviction be affected?
the ability of the police to deter crime and the priorities they set in doing so - someone might not have been caught
What does it mean if offenders fail to rehabilitate?
Social control will never be achieved
What happened in prisons from 1993-2015?
Prison population has nearly doubled from 48,000 to 90,000, with many of these being reoffenders
What are some factors that affect reoffending?
people are less likely to reoffend if they receive family visits inside prison - see what they’re missing out on
People are less likely to reoffend if they live with their immediate family on release - they have somewhere to get when they get released
People are more likely to reoffend if they use a Class A drug on release
What did Tony Blair do?
In order to win the vote he had created 3,000 new offences in 10 years - this leads to rising prison population and new avenues to prosecute
What are some theories that can be linked to recidivism rates going up?
Marxism
Labelling theory
How does Marxism explain reoffending?
Most criminals are in the w/c and are being exploited and the CJS target w/c crimes more
capitalism is criminogenic - inequalities increasing crime
How does Labelling theory explain reoffending?
They are already labelled as a criminal - their master status makes them believe they are a criminal and they self-fulfill their MS which stops them from being accepted back into society
What are Civil liberties?
basic human rights and freedoms granted to citizens through the law
What are some examples of Civil Liberties in the UK?
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Movement
Freedom of Association
Freedom of Religious Worship
How does Civil Liberties limit agencies?
Agencies such as the police for their ability to achieve social control as human rights supersede many of their powers - human rights come first
What are two restrictions on social control?
Facial recognition
SelectaDNA
What is SelectaDNA?
police officers can used spray cans of an invisible substance that can be used to ‘tag’ offenders - lasts on skin and clothes for months
How does SelectaDNA go against Civil Liberties?
Human right to not be anonymously ‘tagged’ - its inhumane
What is Facial Recognition?
Matching faces of people walking past special cameras to images of people on a watch list - Met police have been using FR in public for years w/no parliamentary debate
How does Facial Recognition go against Civil Liberties?
Its an invasion of privacy
Ethical breaching by the MET police
What does Moral Imperative mean?
A strongly felt principle that compels that person to act - it is a right thing to do from a moral viewpoint, but not necessarily a legal one
What are some examples of a moral imperative?
Rosa Parks - refused to give up her seat despite segregation laws
Suffragettes - broke the law and protested for gender equality through extreme measures
Kay and Lynne Gilderdale - Kay was charged w/manslaughter of her chronically ill daughter - assisted suicide, Kay was acquitted of the charges because of jury equity - moral imperatives may prevent the law from being enacted
What theory could link with moral imperatives?
Functionalism
How does Functionalism link to moral imperatives?
Durkheim argues that without deviance, new social values could not emerge, no change would be possible, and society would stagnate
