Examples

Question 1

2010 Haiti earthquake

Answer 1

(Mw 7.0)
More than 250, 000 houses collapsed (violent vibrations)
Abt 220, 000 ppl killed
Surrounding areas around factories polluted
Water pipes ruptured -> water shortages
(Ground shaking)

Question 2

2010 Christchurch New Zealand earthquake

Answer 2

Many trees damaged, > 300 removed, reduce habitats for diff species
Triggered severe liquefaction (city lies on a former swamp area, loose & saturated soil)
> 60, 000 residential buildings and infrastructure covering abt ⅓ of city area were damaged
Liquefied soil entered rivers + untreated sewage from broken pipes -> pollute rivers
Reduced some species i.e. caddisflies
(Ground shaking, soil liquefaction)

Question 3

2008 Great Sichuan China Earthquake

Answer 3

(Mw 7.9 )
More than 15 000 landslides
Destroyed many buildings and infrastructure
Caused nearly 20 000 deaths

Question 4

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Answer 4

Triggered by 9.1 undersea earthquake near Sumatra, Indonesia
11 Indian ocean countries affected?
> 230 000 ppl killed
Entire coastlines and habitats destroyed
Total economic cost incurred: 10 billion
Traveled almost 5000km to Africa

Question 5

2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake

Answer 5

40m height tsunami
> 450 000 ppl displaced
Destroyed homes and infrastructure (i.e. roads)
Carried debris inland, flooded and polluted large areas of land
Extensive damage, half population of Sendai killed

Magnitude 9.0

Nuclear disaster
Fires broke out

March 2011

70 000 pine trees knocked down (In Iwate) -> loss of forest and biodiversity
Pacific islands affected
Entire bird nesting sites lost
Thousands of fish killed

Question 6

1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption

Answer 6

• emitted huge amounts of ash
• buried > 180km^2 forests in ash abt 25cm
• destroyed 800km2 rice fields
• 7 airports closed (phillipines)
• damaged planes

(Extra: vei 6, earthquake Mw 7.8)

(Stratovolcano)

Question 7

2018 Kilauea eruption, Hawaii

Answer 7

Far-reaching lava destroyed > 600 homes
Destroyed huge areas of forests and ecosystems
Telephone and power lines damaged -> widespread comm outages
(Shield volcano)

Question 8

2010 Mt Merapi

Answer 8

Yogyakarta, Indonesia

A series of pyroclastic flows
Abt 350 ppl killed (burns and blast injuries)
Huge areas of forests burnt