Examples

Question 1

Yesterday I met a girl [From Italy]

Answer 1

Adjunct or modifier

Question 2

Yesterday I met a student [Of physics]

Answer 2

Complement

Question 3

John suggested [that we should work on Sundays]

Answer 3

Complement Clause

Question 4

The suggestion [that we should work on Sundays] [that you proposed] was rejected.

Answer 4

Adjunct clauses

Question 5

[I] broke my computer (Semantic Role)

Answer 5

Agent

Question 6

He broke [my car] (Semantic Role)

Answer 6

Affected

Question 7

[The earthquake] destroyed the city (Semantic Role)

Answer 7

Force

Question 8

I opened the door with [this key] (Semantic Role)

Answer 8

Instrument

Question 9

The window was broken [with a stone] (Semantic Role)

Answer 9

Instrument

Question 10

The window was broken [by a stone] (Semantic Role)

Answer 10

Force

Question 11

[I] Love her (Semantic Role)

Answer 11

Experiencer

Question 12

I love [her] (Semantic Role)

Answer 12

Stimulous

Question 13

[Mary] lives in London (Semantic Role)

Answer 13

Located

Question 14

Mary lives in [London] (Semantic Role)

Answer 14

Locative

Question 15

[The meeting] is tomorrow (Semantic Role)

Answer 15

Eventive or event

Question 16

The meeting is [tomorrow] (Semantic Role)

Answer 16

Time

Question 17

I painted [my flat] myself (Semantic Role)

Answer 17

Affected (It already exists)

Question 18

Picasso painted [this picture] (Semantic Role)

Answer 18

Effected (just created)

Question 19

She gave [me] 200$ (Semantic Role)

Answer 19

Beneficiary

Question 20

She gave [me] 200$ for you (Semantic Role)

Answer 20

Recipient

Question 21

She gave me 200$ for [you] (Semantic Role)

Answer 21

Beneficiary

Question 22

I found the door [open] (Semantic Role)

Answer 22

Current attribute, the action comes from the past and extends up to the present.

Question 23

I broke the door [open] (Semantic Role)

Answer 23

Resulting attribute, an action causes a resulting state.

Question 24

Mary expected to win

Answer 24

Subject-controlled PRO

Question 25

Mary asked him to come

Answer 25

Object-controlled PRO

Question 26

My brother, spreaking frankly, is very lazy

Answer 26

Speaker-conrtolled PRO

Question 27

Smoking is dangerous

Answer 27

Generic PRO

Question 28

The attachment rule

Answer 28

A syntactic rule which establishes that, in adverbial clauses, (except from disjuncts), if they are subjectless, subject-controlled PRO always applies. Disjuncts are excluded because they are only speaker-controlled PRO.

Question 29

Mary happened to be rich

Answer 29

Subject to subject Raising

Question 30

Mary is hard to convince

Answer 30

Object to subject raising

Question 31

I expect John to pass the exam

Answer 31

Subject to object raising

Question 32

Teresa is known to be a CIA spy

Answer 32

Passive raising

Question 33

Functional classification for "It's a pleasure to teach you"

Answer 33

Optional

Question 34

Functional classification for "She wanted me to come"

Answer 34

Obligatory

Question 35

Functional classification for "She's probable to win"

Answer 35

Ungrammatical

Question 36

I want you to put the bag [there]

Answer 36

Deictic There

Question 37

Mary lives in London and that's why I'm going [there]

Answer 37

Pro-form there

Question 38

[There] is a student outside

Answer 38

Existential there

Question 39

[Frankly], you are a fool

Answer 39

Disjunct

Question 40

''She is very intelligent, [I know], but very lazy”

Answer 40

Comment Clause

Question 41

Ways to distinguish comment clause

Answer 41

> Conjunction "That" is not used >There is a change of entonation >It is movable

Question 42

Notional Meaning

Answer 42

Concept itself, the definition given in a dictionary

Question 43

Discoursive meaning

Answer 43

The position of the speaker about a fact (different pronunciation signaling amazement or disappointment for example)

Question 44

Deictic meaning

Answer 44

Meaning only retrievable if there is some shared context with the speaker