EXAMS NOTES Flashcards
(12 cards)
State three (3) importance of the Skeletal System.
- Supports body structure and maintains posture.
- Protects internal organs
- Facilitates movement by providing attachment points for muscles.
Match the skull bones with their connecting sutures.
- Coronal suture — Frontal and parietals
- Lambdoid suture — Occipital and parietals
- Sagittal suture — Parietal and parietal
- Squamous suture — Temporal and parietal
State three composition/components of the skeletal system.
- Bones
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
Fill in the blanks:
The organs protected by the thoracic cage include the (11 heart) and the (12 lungs). The first seven pairs of ribs attach to the sternum by the costal cartilage and are called (13 true) ribs. Pairs 8 through 10 attach to the costal cartilage of the seventh pair and not directly to the sternum, so they’re called (14 false) ribs. The last two pairs, 11 and 12, are unattached anteriorly, so they’re called (15 floating) ribs.
Label the macroscopic diagram of a typical long bone
- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis (distal)
- Medullary cavity
- Proximal epiphysis
- Distal epiphysis
- Spongy bone
- Compact bone
- Articular cartilage
- Periosteum
Classify the bones by shape:
- Irregular — Vertebrae
- Long — Femur
- Flat — Sternum
- Short — Tarsals
- Long — Humerus
- Long — Phalanges
- Flat — Scapulae
- Short — Carpals
- Short — Carpals
Lipid Bilayer Structure
The lipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane is made possible because phospholipid molecules contain two distinct regions: The (34. M8 hydrophilic) region is attracted to water, and the (35. S8 hydrophobic) region is repelled by water. Because it has both of these regions, a phospholipid is classified as
s(n) S01 (36. amphipathic) molecule.
Mitotic Cell Division Stages
- Metaphase — Chromatids line up along the equatorial plane.
- Anaphase — Chromosomes contract and divide into chromatids.
- Interphase — Nondividing nucleus.
- Telophase — Chromosomes enclosed again in nuclear membrane at each pole.
- Anaphase — Chromosomes attached to spindles, moving to opposite ends.
Fetal Development by Month
- 3rd month: Fingerprints begin to form.
- 4th month: Lanugo (fine hair) covers the body.
- 5th month: Vernix caseosa (protective waxy coating) develops.
- 6th month: Eyes open and eyelids separate.
- 7th month: Lungs start producing surfactant for maturation.
- 8th month: Subcutaneous fat accumulates for insulation.
- 9th month: Baby typically shifts to a head-down position.
Match Muscles with Actions/Functions
- b — Sartorius (Flexion of leg at knee joint)
- d — Temporalis (Mastication)
- e — Biceps brachii (Flexion of arm)
- c — Latissimus dorsi (Extension at shoulder joint)
- a — Trapezius (Rotates scapula)
Short Answers
- Fontanelles (soft spots in an infant’s skull).
- Polar bodies (non-functional cells during oogenesis).
- Epimysium (encases skeletal muscle fibers).
- Smooth muscle (lacks cross-striations).
- Cardiac muscle (found only in the heart).
Components of Anatomical Position
- Body stands upright, facing forward, with feet parallel.
- Arms hang at the sides, palms facing forward, thumbs outward.
