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Research > EXAMS YAWAAAA > Flashcards

EXAMS YAWAAAA Flashcards

1
Q

mirrors experimental research but it is not true experimental research where a causal relationship can be determined with the use of dependent and independent variables.

do not use random samples but assigned samples.

A

Quasi-experimental research

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1
Q

The primary objective is to identify a cause-effect relationship between the variables where the samples are randomized.

A

true experimental research

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2
Q

A nonexperimental research design focuses on the description of factors, variables, or phenomena that occur in nature.

A

Descriptive Research

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3
Q

Also called causal-comparative research, its primary objective is to compare two variables in order to identify whether there exists a causative relationship between them.

This kind of research usually involves two or more groups and one independent variable.

A

Comparative Research

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4
Q

Its primary objective is to compare two variables then identify the relationship between them.

A

Correlational Research

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5
Q

empirical, straightforward, and can test their reliability and validity.

A

Quantitative research design

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6
Q

The research design of a study can easily be identified based on the ———- of a journal article.

A

abstract

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7
Q

The main purpose of the ———————— is to find out whether an intervention considered as the independent variable has an effect on a dependent variable.

A

experimental research design

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8
Q

An experimental design must contain the following elements:
treatment or intervention
controlling extraneous variables
randomization of participants

A

treatment or intervention
controlling extraneous variables
randomization of participants

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9
Q

requires the independent variable to be manipulated but it lacks a key element of an experimental design, which is randomization.

A

Quasi-Experimental Design

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10
Q

studies the association between two variables but does not tell about its causality.

A

Correlational Design

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11
Q

Differences between positive and negative correlation

A

Positive- As one variable increases, so is the other variable. This is also known as direct relationship

Negative- As one variable increases, the other variable decreases. This is also known as inverse relationship.

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12
Q

Three most common types of descriptive research

A

Survey Research
Demographic Research
Epidemiological Research

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13
Q

explores the trends in the characteristics of a group of people

A

Survey Research

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14
Q

describes basic life events

A

Demographic Research

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15
Q

studies different patterns of disease and health

A

Epidemiological Research

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16
Q

explain different patterns of information about a target population.

A

Descriptive research designs

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17
Q

is a group of people possessing a similar characteristic

A

Population

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18
Q

pertains to the subgroup or a portion from a population

A

Sample

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19
Q

Types of Probability Sampling

A

Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Random Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling

20
Q

pertains to the division of the target population into subgroups and randomly selects participants from each subgroup.

A

Stratified Random Sampling

21
Q

when the researcher randomly selects their participants from a list of all the individuals from the population

A

Simple Random Sampling

22
Q

the researcher randomly decides on a starting point in the list and chooses every nth case from the population.

A

Systematic Random Sampling

23
Q

Sample is chosen by the researcher from the target population rather than being randomly selected.

A

Non-probability Sampling

24
Q

In probability sampling, all individuals from the target population have an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

A

Probability Sampling

25
Q

types of non-probability sampling.

A

Convenience, quota, purposive, and snowball sampling

26
Q

the researcher chooses their participants intentionally because they are considered as most suitable for the research study.

A

Purposive Sampling

27
Q

Snowball sampling is done when the researcher contacts few potential participants and asks them if they can refer more participants having similar characteristics as them.

A

Snowball Sampling

28
Q

involves selecting people from different subgroups from the target population.

A

Quota Sampling

29
Q

the researcher recruits participants who are readily available and accessible to participate in the research study.

A

Convenience Sampling

30
Q

can be defined as a tool such as a questionnaire or a survey that measures specific items to gather quantitative data

A

instrument

31
Q

are used to collect basic information such as age, gender, ethnicity, and annual income.

A

Demographic Forms

32
Q

are used to assess or rate an individual’s ability such as achievement, intelligence, aptitude, or interests.

A

Performance measures

33
Q

used to measure an individual’s attitudes and opinions about a subject.

A

Attitudinal measures

34
Q

are used to record individuals’ behaviors and are mostly used when researchers want to measure an individual’s actual behavior.

A

Behavioral observation checklists

35
Q

are accessed to tell information about the participants’ documents, such as available public

A

Factual information documents

36
Q

How to Construct Research Instruments

A

State your research objectives.
Ask questions about your objectives.
Gather the required information.
Formulate questions.

37
Q

Types of Reliability

A

Internal Consistency
Stability Over Time
Alternate Forms

38
Q

split-half reliability
odd-even reliability
Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha

A

Internal Consistency

39
Q

may be obtained using computer softwares like statistical analysis softwares or spreadsheets.

A

Cronbach’s coefficient alpha

40
Q

test-retest reliability

A

Stability Over Time

41
Q

also called as parallel forms

A

Alternate Forms

42
Q

Types of Validity

A

Face Validity
Content Validity

43
Q

extent to which an instrument appears to measure what it is supposed to measure

A

Face Validity

44
Q

ability of the test items to include important characteristics of the concept intended to be measured

A

Content Validity

45
Q

examineswhether a specific instrument relates to other measures

A

Content Validity

45
Q

tells whether a certain research instrument can give the same result as other similar instruments

A

Criterion Validity

46
Q

concurrent and predictive validity

A

Criterion Validity

46
Q

convergent and discriminant validity

A

Construct Validity

Research (2 decks)

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