Exceptions To The LLI Rule Flashcards
(21 cards)
Most common exceptions to the LLI
- Shared or common knowledge
- Repeated lexical items (old information)
- Items that are about to be repeated
- Items which are direct equivalents. (synonyms - hyponyms)
Exceptions to the LLI Rule where the Noun attracts the nucleus
- Event sentences
- To + Inf
- Wh questions ending with a verb
- Indirect Questions
- Phrasal Verbs
- Final defining relative clauses
- N + Adj/Participles
- Passive constructions
Exceptions to the LLI Rule where there is cases of de-accenting
- Nouns of wide denotation
- Reflexive pronouns
- Final adverbs of time
- Final adverbs of place
- Final Vocatives
- Courtesy subjuncts
- Reporting verbs
- Degree subjuncts
- Comment adjuncts
- Adverbials of proper functioning
Exception to the LLI Rule: Event sentences
It is when there is a N + Intransitive verb at the end, but the Noun attracts the nucleus instead:
The baby is crying
An accident happened
Exception to the LLI Rule: To + Inf
It is when there is a N (object of the verb) + inf verb at the end, but the Noun attracts the nucleus instead:
I’ve got a couple of emails to write.
I don’t know which bus to take.
Exception to the LLI Rule: Wh Questions ending in a verb
It is when there is a question ending in a verb where the Noun is the object of it, so the Noun attracts the nucleus instead:
How’s the homework going?
Whose umbrella have I taken?
Exception to the LLI Rule: Indirect Questions
It is when there is an indirect question and the Noun is the object of the verb, so the Noun attracts the nucleus instead:
I wonder how many albums Robbie Williams has recorded
You can’t imagine how much effort Mark put into it.
Exception to the LLI Rule: Phrasal Verbs
It is when there is a Phrasal Verb in the end that consists of a transitive verb + Object + verbal particle, but the Noun attracts the nucleus instead:
Keep your head down
Don’t forget to put the clock back
Turn the lights off
Exception to the LLI Rule: Final defining relative clauses
It is when there is a final defining relative clause in the end, but the Noun attracts the nucleus instead irrespective of the condition of new/given or length of information:
Have you got any old magazines you wouldn’t mind giving away?
What about the story you were telling me?
Exception to the LLI Rule: N + Adj/Participles
The Noun attracts the nucleus instead:
He had one of his ribs broken
How often do you have your house painted?
Exception to the LLI Rule: Passive constructions
It is when there is passive constructions at the end with Full NPs, but the Noun attracts the nucleus instead:
Classes have been cancelled
The president’s been kidnapped!
He’s been kidnapped!
Exception to the LLI Rule: Nouns of wide denotation
It’s when there are objects of general references at the end.
I must believe in things
She heard something
Jack is forever displeasing people
Exception to the LLI Rule: Final adverbs of time
What are you going to do tonight?
I have an exam next week
Exception to the LLI Rule: Reflexive pronouns
It is when there is a reflexive pronoun at the end, but the nucleus moves backwards, unless it is used emphatically.
He won’t worry unless you hurt yourself.
I have to see it for myself.
Exception to the LLI Rule: Final adverbs of place
It is when there is a final adverb of place in the end so the nucleus moves backward, unless it follows a verb to be
There’s a fly in my soup!
It’s too hot in here!
There are some books here
The books are here
Exception to the LLI Rule: Final Vocatives
Dinner’s ready, love
Good morning, doctor
Exception to the LLI Rule: Courtesy Subjuncts
Have another biscuit, please
I really had enough, thank you
Exception to the LLI Rule: Reporting Verbs
I don’t want to go out, he said
Who are you?, they asked
Exception to the LLI Rule: Degree Subjuncts
It is when there is degree subjuncts so the nucleus moves backwards, unless it is a degree adverb that intensifies, which attracts the nucleus:
Your bag weighs a ton, practically
I’m going out for a bit
She lost her head completely
Well it isn’t that bad
Exception to the LLI Rule: Comment Adjuncts
It is when there is sentence adverbials or after thoughts at the end, but the nucleus moves backwards. Unless there is an adverb of manner, which attracts the nucleus.
You must read it of course.
I’ve never noticed however.
John speaks English, naturally.
John speaks English naturally.
Exception to the LLI Rule: Adverbials of proper functioning
She can’t hear properly
Do you think it’ll work Ok?
