Excersice Physiology Flashcards
(30 cards)
List the components of performance related fitness
Agility Balance Coordination Reaction time Speed Power
List the components of health related fitness
Cardiorespiritory endurance Muscular strength Muscular endurance Flexibility Body composition
What is cardiorespiritory endurance? Give examples
It is the ability to work for extended periods of time using your heart and lungs (aerobic capacity). An example would be in a high intensity game which includes running or swimming, hockey or water polo.
What is muscular strength? Give examples
It is the total amount of muscular power or force you can use in one single movement. An example would be throwing a javelin.
What is muscular endurance? Give examples
It is the ability to use your muscles for an extended period of time. An example would be repetitive push ups or sit ups.
What is flexibility? Give examples.
It is your body’s ability to move along it’s axises with more range and ease. An example of someone who has good flexibility would be gymnasts.
What is body composition? Give examples
It is the type of body you have which usually suits a particular sport. It’s a percentage of muscle, fat a bone. There is endomorphic (fat), ectomorphic (tall/skinny) and mesomorphic (muscular). An example would be for each one; weightlifting, netball and sprinting.
What is agility? Give examples
It is the ability to change direction quickly and accurately. An example would be rugby or netball players.
What is balance? Give examples
It is the ability to maintain posture and stability when stationery or moving. Example would be gymnastics.
What is coordination? Give examples
It is the ability to carry out a series of movements smoothly and efficiently. An example would be catching and throwing a ball.
What is reaction time? Give examples
It is how quickly you can respond to stimulus. An example would be starting any race.
What is speed? Give examples
It is the ability to move body parts as quickly as possible and to get from one point to another in the shortest time possible. An example would be a 100m sprint.
What is power? Give examples
It is how fast your muscles contract with maximum force. Basically muscular strength + speed = power! An example would be water polo shot.
List the immediate responses of the cardiovascular system when you exercise.
Increased heart rate (beats per minute )
Increased stroke volume (volume of blood pumped per beat)
Increased cardiac output (Q, blood pumped per minute)
List the immediate responses of the respiritory system when you exercise.
Increased breathing rate (breaths per minute) Increased tidal volume (air intake per breath) Increased ventilation (air intake per minute)
Describe diffusion.
Diffusion is the transfer of O2 and CO2 gases to an area of high concentration to low concentration, it is a way of evening out. Diffusion in the body occurs to transfer oxygen into the working muscles and take carbon dioxide out.
What is fitness?
Fitness is the capability of the heart, lungs, blood vessels and muscles to function at optimal efficiency. It is how well and how long you can undergo intensive exercise and maintain the most powerful energy system.
What is optimal efficiency?
It is the ability to cope with maximal demands placed on the body.
What are the three energy systems?
ATP-CP system (adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate)
Lactic acid system
Aerobic system
Describe the ATP-CP system.
It is the most immediate source of energy. It is immediate because it quickly uses the ATP already stored in the body, however these stored ATP are limited so this system only lasts up to 10 seconds. It doesn’t use oxygen, it is rapidly supplied, it used creatine phosphate as a fuel and it is very limited. An example where you just use the ATP-CP system would be a 100m sprint.
Describe the lactic acid system.
When physical activity exceeds 10 seconds (after the ATP-CP energy is used up), the body then begins to use the lactic acid system as an alternative source of ATP. It doesn’t use oxygen, it is a fast supply of energy, it uses carbohydrates as a fuel (glucose), it has limited ATP production (1 molecule of glucose yields 2 moles ATP) and it is used for the first 1 to 2 minutes of exercise. An example of when the lactic acid system is used would be a swimming race (50m/100m)
Describe the aerobic energy system.
The last source of ATP for the body. It does use oxygen, it is a slow supply of energy, it used glucose, fats and protein as fuels, it has an unlimited ATP production and last for long durations of endurance activity. An example when this energy system is used would be a sporting game like hockey or soccer.
What is ATP?
ATP is the basic unit of energy that fuels all the activities and exercise.
What role does protein play in the body?
It is used to rejuvenate, rebuild and replenish the worked muscles, most effective in the first hour after exercise.
