exchange 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the relationship between an organism’s size and its surface area to volume ratio?
As an organism’s size increases, its surface area to volume ratio decreases.
What are the key features of exchange surfaces that aid in transport?
Features include:
* Large surface area
* Thin walls
* Moist surfaces
* Good blood supply (for animals)
* Ventilation (for gas exchange)
What is the principle of mass transport?
The principle of mass transport involves the movement of substances from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
What factors affect the rate of gas exchange?
Factors include:
* Surface area
* Concentration gradient
* Distance of diffusion
* Temperature
What is gas exchange in plants primarily involved with?
Gas exchange in plants is primarily involved with the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.
What is the primary function of the mammalian breathing system?
The primary function is to facilitate gas exchange, specifically oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal.
What is the purpose of a respirometer?
A respirometer is used to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.
How do unicellular organisms perform gas exchange?
Gas exchange in unicellular organisms occurs through the cell surface membrane.
In multicellular organisms, what is often required for effective transport of substances?
Multicellular organisms often require specialized exchange surfaces and a transport system.
What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with 1 cm sides?
The surface area to volume ratio is 6:1.
True or False: The surface area of an organism is the total number of cells in direct contact with the environment.
True.
Fill in the blank: The volume of a cube is calculated by multiplying its _______.
height, length, and breadth
What is the significance of having a larger surface area in exchange surfaces?
A larger surface area allows for more efficient exchange of materials.
What is the primary function of guard cells in a leaf?
To regulate gas exchange by controlling the opening and closing of stomata
Guard cells are specialized cells that manage the size of the stomatal openings, allowing for gas exchange while minimizing water loss.
What is the role of the upper epidermis in a leaf?
To protect the leaf and reduce water loss through the cuticle
The upper epidermis is a protective layer that helps prevent excessive transpiration.
What is a key characteristic of squamous epithelial cells in the alveoli?
They are very thin, approximately 0.2 um thick
This thinness facilitates efficient gas exchange by minimizing the diffusion distance.
How do mammals ensure sufficient oxygen supply despite having a small surface area to volume ratio?
By evolving specialized exchange surfaces like alveoli
The alveolar structure greatly increases the surface area available for gas exchange.
What is the total surface area of the alveoli in human lungs?
Approximately 75 m²
This surface area is over 30 times greater than the surface area of the body, enhancing gas exchange efficiency.
What is the main gas exchange surface in mammals?
The alveolar wall
The alveolar walls are crucial for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.
Fill in the blank: The _______ lining of capillaries consists of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.
endothelial
The endothelial lining is essential for efficient gas exchange due to its thinness.
True or False: The contact surface area between alveoli and blood is maximized by the proliferation of capillaries.
True
This proliferation ensures a continuous layer of blood around each alveolus, facilitating gas exchange.
What mechanism helps maintain a steep concentration gradient in the lungs?
Ventilation of the lungs
Ventilation brings fresh oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide, supporting efficient gas exchange.
What is Fick’s law related to in the context of gas exchange?
The factors that affect the rate of diffusion
Fick’s law describes how the rate of diffusion is influenced by concentration gradients and surface area.
