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AS and A-level Biology > Exchange > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exchange Deck (12)
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1
Q

what type of cells are found in the trachea in humans

A

ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells

2
Q

why are the lungs located inside the body

A

the air is not dense enough to support them

the body as a whole would lose a greater deal of water and dry out

3
Q

what is the trachea?

A

a flexible airway that is supported by rings of cartilage

4
Q

what is the function of the cartilage in the trachea?

A

they prevent it collapsing in decreasing pressure while breathing in

5
Q

what are the bronchi ?

A

divisions of the trachea leading into each lung

6
Q

what are the bronchioles ?

A

they are subdivisions of the bronchi and their walls are made if muscles and lined with epithelial cells

7
Q

what are alveoli ?

A

alveoli are miniature air sacs that are found at the end of the bronchioles

8
Q

what is found between the alveoli ?

A

collagen and elastic fibers.

9
Q

what are the different types of tissues/ layers found in the veins and arteries?

A

the tough outer layer, the muscular layer, the elastic layers, lining layer

10
Q

what is the difference between breathing (ventilation) and respiration?

A

breathing is the movement of air into and out of the lungs

respiration is the chemical reaction to release energy in the form of ATP

11
Q

describe inspiration

A

when inspiring:
the external intercostal muscles contract and the internal intercostal muscles relax.
the diaphragm contracts and the Air pressure inside the lungs drops.
the volume of the lungs increases
the pressure in the lungs decreases
air moves into the lungs from the atmosphere because there is a higher pressure on the outside of the lungs so air travels down the pressure gradient

12
Q

describe expiration

A

when expiring:
the external intercostal muscles relax and the internal intercostal muscles contract.
the diaphragm relaxes
the volume of the lungs decrease
the pressure of the lungs increases
the air moves out of the lungs because there is a higher pressure inside than out so the air moves into the atmosphere.