Exchange and Transport

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 2

What do substances use diffusion for?

Answer 2

move into and out of living cells.

Question 3

What does concentration gradient mean?

Answer 3

the difference in the concentration of a chemical across a membrane

Question 4

What are exchange surfaces?

Answer 4

organs or structure where substances pass across

Question 5

What are features of exchange surfaces?

Answer 5

large surface area
short diffusion distance

Question 6

What does ventilation mean?

Answer 6

breathing in and out

Question 7

What is an alveoli?

Answer 7

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas is exchanged during breathing

Question 8

What are the characteristics of alveoli?

Answer 8

alveoli are adapted for efficient gas exchange because they have a large surface area

Question 9

What are tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

Answer 9

Alveoli

Question 10

What is blood made from?

Answer 10

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets in plasma

Question 11

What are features of red blood cells?

Answer 11

no nucleus
biconcave shape
thin

Question 12

What are white blood cells apart of?

Answer 12

the immune system

Question 13

What is plasma?

Answer 13

the liquid part and transport CO2, hormones, antibodies and urea

Question 14

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer 14

arteries
veins
capillaries

Question 15

Where do arteries carry blood?

Answer 15

away from the heart under high pressure

Question 16

Where do veins carry blood to?

Answer 16

to the heart under low pressure

Question 17

What do capillaries do?

Answer 17

connect the smallest branches of arteries and veins.

Question 18

what are four chambers of the heart?

Answer 18

two atria
two ventricles

Question 19

where does blood enter the heart?

Answer 19

the atria

Question 20

how is back flow prevented into the atria?

Answer 20

the heart valves

Question 21

where does blood leave the heart from?

Answer 21

the aorta from the left
pulmonary artery from the right

Question 22

What is the ventricle?

Answer 22

the lower chamber of the heart that receives blood from the atrium and pumps it into the arteries.

Question 23

What are the arteries?

Answer 23

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

Question 24

What ensures blood flows one way through the circulatory system?

Answer 24

valves
aorta
veins

Question 25

What is energy needed for?

Answer 25

active transport
muscle contracting
cell division
synthesising of proteins

Question 26

What is respiration?

Answer 26

a series of chemical reactions where energy is released from glucose

Question 27

What does aerobic responses use?

Answer 27

oxygen

Question 28

What is the formula for Aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 29

What is the anaerobic respiration formula?

Answer 29

glucose -> carbon dioxide +lactic acid

Question 30

What does anaerobic respiration?

Answer 30

Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Question 31

What is Cardiac output?

Answer 31

the total volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per minute

Question 32

What is the formula for Cardiac output?

Answer 32

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 33

What is Stroke Volume?

Answer 33

the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each time the heart beats

Question 34

What is heart rate?

Answer 34

the number of beats per minute