Exchange Surface Flashcards
What two adaptations do gas exchange surface have
-They have a large surface area
-They’re in which provides a short diffusion distance pathway across the gas exchange surface
How do single cells organism exchange across their body surface
-they absorb and release gas by diffusion through their outer surface
-They have a relatively larger surface area
-thin diffusion distance and short diffusion pathway
-The oxygen can take part in biochemical reactions as soon as it diffuse into the cell so they don’t need a gas exchange system
What are some adaptations of insects to help them with water loss
-small surface area to volume ratio where water can evaporate from
-insects have water proof exoskeleton
-spiracles can open an close with presents water loss
What is the tracheal system
Where air moves into the insect from the spiracles — trachea — tracheoles
What are spiracles
Their round valve like openings which run along the length of the abdomen
Oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave the spiracles and moves to the trachea
What is the trachea
Network of internal tubes
Have chitin within the tubes which give them strength and keep them open
What are the tracheoles
Smaller branches of trachea
They extend throughout tissues in insects to deliver oxygen to all respiring cells
What are the three methods of moving gases into the tracheoles
Simple diffusion
Mass transport
Respiring anaerobically
Explain how insects use simple diffusion
-Cells respire by using up oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide which creates a concentration gradient from the trachea to the atmosphere
-The distance is small between tracheoles and outside so simple diffusion can occur
Explain how insects use mass transport
Insects contact and relaxes their abdominal muscles to move gases in mass
Explain how insects respiring anaerobically to move gases
When insects fly the muscle cells respire anaerobically to produce lactate
This lowers water potential of cells so water moves from tracheoles into the cells by osmosis
This decreases volume so decreases pressure in tracheoles and as a result more air from the atmosphere is drawn in
What are the adaptations for effective diffusion
-Large number of fine tracheoles -large surface area
-Walls of tracheoles are thin and short distance between spiracles and tracheoles-short diffusion pathway
-Use of oxygen and production in carbon dioxide sets up step diffusion gradient
