Exchange Surface Flashcards
(20 cards)
State the formula for the surface area of a sphere
4πr²
What’s the formula for the Volume of a sphere
V = ⁴⁄₃πr³
3 reasons diffusions to slow for multicellular organisms
- large diffusion distance
- low surface area:volume ratio
- high metabolic rate
name 3 special features found in exchange surfaces
- large surface area
- thin
- good blood supply and/or ventilation
what are cillia
Hair like structures on the surface of epithelial cells lining airways. Beat mucus moving dust away fro alveoli
Name 2 methods of gas movement in insects
1) diffusion, conc gradient (main method)
2) mass transport
whats counter-current exchange
system in which blood flows in 1 direction + water flows in opposite direction across the gills of a fish
Each Alveolus is made from a single layer of thin flat cells called?
Alveolar epithelium
Where are elastic fibers found
- Walls of trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Where is smooth muscle found
- Walls of trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
Where is cartillage found
- Walls of trachea
- Bronchi
Elastic fibres help
Help breathing:
- breathe in fibres stretch
- breathe out fibres recoil pushing air out.
Smooth muscles help
Allows their diameter to be controlled:
during exercise smooth muscle relaxes, making tubes wider, less resistance to airflow.
Cartilage helps
strong but flexible:
support trachea and bronchi, stops collapsing
During inspiration:
- external intercostal muscle + diaphragm muscles=
- ribcage moves=
- diaphragm=
- volume of thorax=
- lung pressure=
- causes air to flow=
- contract
- upwards and outwards
- flatten
- increases
- decreases
- into lungs
Is inspiration an active or passive process
Active
whats tidal volume
volume of air in each breath
vital capacity
max volume of air that can be breathed in or out
breathing rate
how many breathes are taken per unit of time
oxygen uptake
rate at which a person uses up oxygen
