excretion

Question 1

process of the urinary system?

Answer 1

produces urine

Question 2

what are the components of urine?

Answer 2

excess water, salts or waste products

Question 3

what is excretion?

Answer 3

the process in which the metabolic waste and toxic material is removed from the body

Question 4

define metabolism

Answer 4

the total amount of chemical reactions occurring inside living cells

Question 5

what do the lungs excrete?

Answer 5

co2

Question 6

what do the kidneys excrete?

Answer 6

mineral salts

Question 7

what does the skin excrete?

Answer 7

sweat (urea, n2 waste, creatinine and uric acid)

Question 8

what does the liver excrete?

Answer 8

bile pigments

Question 9

diff between cat and anabolism?

Answer 9

catabolism- breakdown of complex substances
anabolism- building of smaller substances

Question 10

what is meant by ventral and dorsal side?

Answer 10

ventral- front
dorsal- back

Question 11

what is the function of the kidney?

Answer 11

remove excess water, heat and urea (osmoregulation)
controlled by nephrons

Question 12

define osmoregulation

Answer 12

the process in which organs keep the fluid level of the body constant as well as the osmotic pressure (salts)

Question 13

what is the ureter and its function?

Answer 13

a narrow tube which runs from the kidney to the urinary bladder, it moves the urine by peristalsis

Question 14

what is the urinary bladder and what does it do?

Answer 14

a hollow, muscular bag which stores the urine

Question 15

what is the renal pelvis?

Answer 15

enlarged portion of the ureter inside the kidney

Question 16

what do the sphincter muscles do?

Answer 16

contracts and relaxes to control the flow of urine into the urethra

Question 17

what is the urethra?

Answer 17

the duct from which urine flows out

Question 18

what are kidneys enclosed in?

Answer 18

fibrous capsule

Question 19

what are the names of the regions in a kidney?

Answer 19

cortex (outer)
medulla (inner)

Question 20

how many pyramids are in the kidney?

Answer 20

12-16

Question 21

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 21

nephron

Question 22

how many nephrons are present in akidney?

Answer 22

about a million

Question 23

what is a hilus?

Answer 23

the point from where a tube emerges from any organ

Question 24

describe the structure of a nephron

Answer 24

• bowman’s capsule
• first convoluted tubule
• loop of henle
• distal convoluted tubule
• enters the collecting duct

Question 25

describe the blood distribution in a nephron

Answer 25

- artery that enters the capsule is known as the afferent arteriole - glomerulus is the capillary network at the capsule - glomerulus connects again to form the efferent arteriole

Question 26

what are the processes of urine formation?

Answer 26

ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption

Question 27

what is ultrafiltartion?

Answer 27

the leakage of tissue fluid which contains all nutrients into the bowman's capsule

Question 28

what is selective reabsorption?

Answer 28

where the blood reabsorbs the nutrients and water it needs from the tissue fluid moving in the nephron

Question 29

describe the process of osmoregulation

Answer 29

brain detects a high or low water level when blood passes thru it, the hypothalamus either increases or inhibits the amount of adh produced and the pituitary gland releases it