Excretion Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is Deamination?
Removal of the amine group from amino acids
What is Detoxification?
The liver is the site where some substances are detoxified and made harmless
Where is urea produced?
Liver
What is urea produced from?
excess amino acids
What are the 2 processes Urea can be formed in?
Deamination and The Ornithine Cycle
Where does The Ornithine Cycle take place?
Kidneys
Can excess amino acids be stored?
No
What breaks down Glucose?
Glucagon
What is alcohol produced by?
Produced by yeast cells during anaerobic respiration
What is detoxification?
The liver turning harmful substances like alcohol into harmless substances
Ethanol –> Ethanal –> Ethanoate –> Fatty Acids + Cellular respiration
What is a toxic product of many metabolic reactions?
Hydrogen Peroxide
What breaks down hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
Where are erythrocytes produced?
Bone marrow
What is the tertiary structure of Haemoglobin?
4 Haem groups (containing iron and bile pigments)
What produces bile?
Hepatocytes
What is bile released into?
The bile duct
What happens to excess amino acids?
They are deaminated
What happens to the amine group removed from amino acids?
Converted to ammonia
What does ammonia react with to form urea?
Carbon dioxide
What happens in the ornithine cycle?
Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form urea
What is urea?
A metabolic waste product
What are the kidneys made up of?
Nephrons
What is ultrafiltration?
Small molecules are filtered out of the blood from the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsule
What is the equation for the formation of urea?
2NH3 + CO2 –> CO(NH2)2 + H2O
