Excretion

Question 1

The process of excepting Ammonia?

Answer 1

Ammonotelism

Question 2

Is Ammonia readily soluble? Can a fish without kidney excrete ammonia?

Answer 2

Yes and Yes

Question 3

Examples of Uricotelic?

Answer 3

Mammals, Terrestrial amphibians, Marine Fishes

Question 4

Ammonia produced in Ureotelic animals is removed in what way?

Answer 4

Liver converts it into Urea.

Question 5

Uricotelic?

Answer 5

Reptiles, Birds, Land Snails, Insects

Question 6

Form of Uric Acid in excretory form?

Answer 6

Pellet or Paste

Question 7

Protonephridia?

Answer 7

Platyhelminthes, Some Annelids, Cephalochordated

Question 8

Protonephridia?

Answer 8

Platyhelminthes, Some Annelids, Cephalochordated

Question 9

Nephridia?

Answer 9

Annelids

Question 10

Malpighian Tubules?

Answer 10

Most Insects

Question 11

Antennal Gland/ Green Gland?

Answer 11

Crustaceans like Prawns

Question 12

Location of Kidney?

Answer 12

Levels of last thoracic
3rd Lumber

Question 13

Dimensions of Kidney?

Answer 13

Length: 10-12 cm
Width: 5-7 cm
Thickness: 2-3 cm
Weight: 120-170 g

Question 14

Shape of Renal Pelvis?

Answer 14

Funnel Shape

Question 15

2 parts of Nephron?

Answer 15

Glomerulus and The renal tubule

Question 16

How many Wall the cup like structure in the nephron has?

Answer 16

Double

Question 17

Capillary Network around the Renal tubule is?

Answer 17

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 18

Shape of Vas-Recta? And shape of Henle’s Loop?

Answer 18

U-Shaped and Hairpin Shaped

Question 19

Rate of filtration in kidney? (Per minute as well as in ratio)

Answer 19

1100-1200 ml/min and 1/5th of total blood pumped by heart

Question 20

What are the three layers involve in glomerular filtration?

Answer 20

Endothelium of glomerular blood vessels
Epithelium of Bowman’s Capsule
Basement Membrane

Question 21

What are epithelial cells of Bowman’s Capsule called?

Answer 21

Podocytes

Question 22

What is filtration slit?

Answer 22

Space between podocytes

Question 23

What is GFR? What is its value per day and per minute?

Answer 23

Filtration per min.
125ml/minute
180litres/day

Question 24

JGA is formed between?

Answer 24

Afferent Arteriole(JG cells) and DCT(Macula Densa)

Question 25

What are actively reabsorbed?

Answer 25

Glucose, Amino Acid, Na+

Question 26

What are absorbed passively?

Answer 26

Nitrogenous waste

Question 27

PCT is lined by?

Answer 27

Simple cuboidal border brush epithelium

Question 28

PCT secretes?

Answer 28

H+, NH3

Question 29

HCO3- is absorbed and reabsorbed by?

Answer 29

PCT and DCT

Question 30

Reabsorbtion is minimum in?

Answer 30

Ascending LOH

Question 31

Secretions of DCT are?

Answer 31

H+, K+, NH3

Question 32

Secretions of CD?

Answer 32

H+ and K+

Question 33

Main reasons of Concentration gradient?

Answer 33

Nacl and Urea

Question 34

Concentration of Final urine?

Answer 34

4 times the initial

Question 35

Flow of RAAS?

Answer 35

Angiotensin>Angiotensin 1>Angiotensin 2

Question 36

What are mechanisms causing micturition called?

Answer 36

Micturition Reflex

Question 37

How much urea is released per day through urine?

Answer 37

25-30g

Question 38

Glycosuria and Ketonuria are indicative of?

Answer 38

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 39

Lungs remove?

Answer 39

200ml/min CO2

Question 40

Liver secretes?

Answer 40

Bilirubin,Billiverdin,Degraded steroid hormones, Vitamins and Drugs

Question 41

Primary function of Sweat?

Answer 41

To cool

Question 42

Sweat releases?

Answer 42

Nacl, Urea, Lactic Acid

Question 43

Sebaceous glands eliminate?

Answer 43

Sterols, Waxes, Hydrocarbons

Question 44

Hemodialysis is correction for?

Answer 44

Uremia

Question 45

In hemodialysis, blood is taken from and given to?

Answer 45

Artery and Vein

Question 46

Which anti coagulant is added to blood?

Answer 46

Anti- heparin