excretion

Question 1

nephron processes

Answer 1

ultrafiltration in bowman’s capsule

selective reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule

water reabsorption in loop of henle.

Question 2

orithine cycle

Answer 2

Deamination of excess amino acids -> NH3 + CO2 + orothine->an H2O is removed -> citruline ->(NH3 added and a H2O is removed) -> arginine -> (H2O is added and urea is removed) -> orithine

Question 3

hormone tested for in pregnancy tests

Answer 3

human chorionic ganadotrophin

Question 4

what shows a positive test line on pregnancy tests

Answer 4

hCG- antibody- enzyme complex

Question 6

Anabolic testing positive result

Answer 6

higher testosterone to epitestosterone levels

Question 7

urine samples can be used to test for

Answer 7

• drugs
• alcohol

Question 8

excess fluid

Answer 8

hypervolemia

Question 9

excess potassium

Answer 9

hyperkalemia

Question 10

excess phosphate

Answer 10

hyperphosphatemia

Question 11

calcium deficiency

Answer 11

hypocalcemia

Question 12

what can be caused by kidney failure

Answer 12

electrolyte imbalance
hypervolemia etc

Question 13

hepatic portal vein

Answer 13

carries blood from digestive system to liver

Question 14

liver cells

Answer 14

hepatocytes

Question 15

where does glycogenolysis and glycogenisis occur

Answer 15

hepatocytes

Question 16

amino acids deaminated to …

Answer 16

• ammonia
• keytones

Question 17

detoxification in the liver

Answer 17

chemicals oxidised or reduced by enzymes

Question 18

hepatic artery

Answer 18

provides oxygenated vlood to liver

Question 19

hepatic vein

Answer 19

blood exits liver and flows back to the heart

Question 20

Bile contains

Answer 20

• bile salts for digestion
• bile pigments for breakdown of haemoglobin

Question 21

liver cells are arranged in

Answer 21

lobules, with each lobule dupplied by hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

Question 22

blood vessels that surround lobules…

Answer 22

sinusoids

Question 23

….. surounds renal medulla

Answer 23

renal cortex

Question 24

nephrons extend

Answer 24

from cortex into medulla

Question 25

capillary knot also known as

Answer 25

glomerulus

Question 26

what is not sqeezed out of glomerulus in ultrafiltration

Answer 26

larger protiens, RBCs

Question 27

process if selective reabsorption in

Question 28

which organ does osmoregulation take place...

Answer 28

the kidneys

Question 29

haemodialysis process

Answer 29

- blood taken from vein - heparin prevents blood clots - glucose, water, and urea diffuse across the partially permeable dialysis membrane - urea in blood moves to dialysate which has no urea

Question 30

peritoneal dialysis process

Answer 30

- abdominal cavity filled with dialysate - waste diffuses from blood to solution. - dialysate is drained

Question 31

hCG stands for

Answer 31

human chorionic gonadotrophin

Question 32

what attatches to hCG

Answer 32

monoclonal antibodies