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Antony & Cleopatra Quotes > Excretory, Microorganisms ,Cardiovascular & Nervous System > Flashcards

Excretory, Microorganisms ,Cardiovascular & Nervous System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

excretion

A

the removal of metabolic wastes from the body

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2
Q

egestion

A

the elimination of indigestible matter through the anus

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3
Q

secretion

A

the production and release of substances from a gland or organ into the bloodstream, cavity, or duct

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4
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment regardless of a changing external environment… the maintenance of tissue fluid state

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5
Q

metabolism

A

results in the production of chemicals that are harmful if they build up eg. carbon dioxide and urea

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6
Q

tissue fluid suitable conditions maintenance

A

pH, salt concentration, water condition, waste products

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7
Q

how kidneys maintain homeostasis

A

removing nitrogenous metabolic waste, regulating the water content of the body, regulate pH

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8
Q

excretory system encludes

A

kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra

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9
Q

nephron components

A

Malpighian body and renal tubule

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10
Q

what does the efferent arteriole do

A

takes blood from the glomerulus

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11
Q

what does the afferent arteriole do

A

brings blood to the nephron

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12
Q

what does the Bowman’s capsule do

A

collects filtrate from the glomerulus

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13
Q

what does the loop of Henle do

A

osmoregulation occurs

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14
Q

what do the peritubular capillaries do

A

exchange of substances between capillaries and nephron

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15
Q

what does the proximal convoluted tubule do

A

tubular reabsorption occurs

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16
Q

what does the nephron do

A

filters the blood and makes urine

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17
Q

the fluid that collects in the Bowman’s capsule

A

glomerular filtrate

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18
Q

components of glomerular filtrate

A

glucose, amino acids, mineral salts, vitamins, water

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19
Q

glomerular filtration

A

ultrafiltration through incredibly fine layers

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20
Q

glomerular filtration capillary membrane

A

the capillary membrane is a single layer of squamous epithelia and since the afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole, high hydrostatic pressure builds in the capillaries and forces fluid and small molecules through these three layers

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21
Q

glomerular filtration basement membrane

A

covers each capillary. is a thin sheet of fibers and acts as a sieve only allowing urea, uric acid, glucose, creatine, vitamins, mineral salts, and water

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22
Q

glomerular filtration inner lining of Bowman’s capsule

A

made up of specialized squamous epithelial cells called podocytes. Podocytes are arranged in an irregular manner and these filtration slits move molecules into the Bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

tubular reabsorption into the proximal convoluted tubule

A

80% of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood, 100% of glucose, amino acids, and vitamins are absorbed by diffusion and active transport. 80% of water is absorbed via osmosis

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24
Q

water conservation in the loop of Henle

A

the ascending limb actively pumps sodium chloride ions into the medulla making it hypertonic. The descending limb pumps water into the medulla via osmosis

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25
tubular excretion in the distill convoluted tubule
wastes such as uric acid, creatine, drugs, colorants, and preservatives are excreted from the blood into the distal convoluted tubule
26
osmoregulation
dehydration causes the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus to detect low water content in the body which results in ADH secretion from the pituitary gland. ADH travels via the blood to the kidneys and makes the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts more permeable. more water moves out the distal convoluted tubule and into the medulla and blood which results in a small amount of concentrated urine
27
what causes kidney damage
drugs, a hard blow to the back, high blood pressure, bacterial infections, genetic disorders
28
what does severe kidney damage cause
CKD (chronic kidney disease)
29
what is ADH
antidiuretic hormone
30
treatment for CKD
dialysis... a machine removes the waste products from the blood and regulates water concentrations through a surgically modified vessel and an artery and a vein are joined. or kidney transplant
31
what makes peeing involuntary
spinal issues or a young child
32
what is urination controlled by
the somatic voluntary motor neurons and the autonomic involuntary motor neurons
33
what tells the brain when the bladder is full
the strechreceptors
34
cardio
heart
35
vascular
transport
36
what is the cardiovascular system
the transport system in the body that is facilitated by the heart which pumps material around
37
open circulatory system
deeper tissues and blood vessels are involved
38
closed circulatory system
blood pumped never leave the vessels
39
the five leukocytes
monocytes, lymphocytes,eosinophils ,basophils, neutrophils
40
how does blood clot
injury occurs platelets move to the injury site and stick to the walls in the area and to each other changing shape to form a plug. they are now referred to as activated activated platelets release proteins called clotting factors and chemicals to attract more platelets clotting factors initiate the production of the enzyme thrombin which converts inactive fibrinogen into active fibrin fibrin forms a mesh over the injured area and more platelets get caught in the mesh growing the clot
41
valves in veins
semilunar valves which prevent backflow
42
where is the heart located
in the thoracic cavity between the lungs behind the sternum
43
connective tissue membrane that covers the heart
pericardium prevents friction and provides protection from infection
44
blood in the right atrium is pumped to the right ventricle via which valve
tricuspid valve
45
blood in the left atrium is pumped to the left ventricle via which valve
bicuspid valve
46
superior vena cava
carries blood from the head, limbs, and thorax
47
inferior vena cava
carries blood from the lower part of the body
48
coronary vein
carries blood from the heart walls
49
how does blood leave the left ventricle
via the aorta through the semilunar valve
50
pulmonary circulation
blood pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium
51
systemic circulation
blood pumped from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the heart
52
double circulation
when blood passes through the heart twice on route to all parts of the body
53
atrial systole
0,1 seconds and blood is forced through the bicuspid and tricuspid valves into the ventricles
54
ventricular systole
0,3 seconds and blood is forced into the aorta and pulmonary artery
55
general diastole
0,4 seconds is a period of complete relaxation
56
intrinsic
beats by itself
57
hearts pacemaker and where it is located
the sinoatrial node in the upper right atrium
58
what does the sinoatrial node do
generates electrical impulses and conducts them through the heart muscle
59
myogenic meaning
the contraction without nervous stimulation from the brain
60
parasympathetic motor impulses
slow heart rate
61
sympathetic motor impulses
increase heart rate
62
what regulated blood pressure
baroreceptors in the walls of the carotid sinus and aorta
63
DVT
deep vein thrombosis occurs when a clot forms in a deep vein in the body and can cause a pulmonary embolism
64
what is used to measure blood pressure
a sphygmomanometer
65
hypotension
low blood pressure due to disease
66
hypertension
high blood pressure due to disease and is the accumulation of fat deposits on the walls of coronary arteries
67
atherosclerosis
the accumulation of fat deposits on coronary artery walls
68
what can hypertension cause
kidney failure, a stroke, and heart disease
69
viral replication
attachment, penetration, uncoating
70
lytic relationship
attachment, penetration, transcription, replication, assembly, lysis

Antony & Cleopatra Quotes (10 decks)

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