excretory system

Question 1

what is the excretory system?

Answer 1

process which allows waste products to be removed

Question 2

what does the excretory system consist of?

Answer 2

-kidneys
-bladder
-ureters
-urethra

Question 3

in mammals:
what are ureters?

Answer 3

two tubes which carries urine from kidneys to the bladder

Question 4

in mammals:
what does the bladder do?

Answer 4

stores urine before it is removed from the body

Question 5

in mammals:
what does the urethra do?

Answer 5

allows passing of urine from bladder out of the body

Question 6

in birds:
what are the ureters?

Answer 6

two tubes which carries urine from the kidneys to the cloaca

Question 7

in birds:
what is the cloaca?

Answer 7

allows urine and other waste products to be cleared from the body

Question 8

in birds:
How do they remove ammonia?

Answer 8

in the form of uric acid
-does not require water and is an insoluble substance

Question 9

in mammals:
How do they remove ammonia?

Answer 9

in the form of urea
-requires water to allow it to be excreted as urine

Question 10

what are the kidneys?

Answer 10

key organ involved in waste removal

Question 11

what do kidneys contain?

Answer 11

millions of nephrons

Question 12

what takes place in nephrons?

Answer 12

ultrafiltration of the blood and urine is produced

Question 13

what happens with kidney failure?

Answer 13

a buildup of toxic products in body tissue

Question 14

nephrons:
what is the glomerulus?

Answer 14

a knot of capillaries

Question 15

nephrons:
what is the renal (bowman’s) capsule?

Answer 15

collects the filtrate from the glomerulus

Question 16

nephrons:
what is the tubules?

Answer 16

allow transportation of filtrate to and from the loop of Henle

Question 17

nephrons:
what does the collecting duct do?

Answer 17

collects urine and passes to the ureter

Question 18

what three processes of the kidneys are nephrons at the site of?

Answer 18

1.ultrafiltration
2.selective reabsorption
3.urine formation

Question 19

what is ultrafiltration?

Answer 19

removing substances from the blood

Question 20

what is selective reabsorption?

Answer 20

reabsorbing the substances, the body needs

Question 21

what is urine formation?

Answer 21

substances which are not reabsorbed travel as urine along nephron to the collecting ducts where the waste travels to the bladder

Question 22

where does ultrafiltration occur?

Answer 22

in the renal (Bowman’s) capsule

Question 23

what happens during ultrafiltration?

Answer 23

blood enters via the renal artery and flows through many capillaries under high pressure

Question 24

what are three parts of the loop of Henle?

Answer 24

1.descending limb
2.ascending limb
3.distal convoluted tube

Question 25

what is the descending limb? (In the loop of Henle)

Answer 25

-it is permeable to water -water leaves the nephron by osmosis and is reabsorbed - as much water as the body needs is reabsorbed

Question 26

what is the ascending limb? (In the loop of Henle)

Answer 26

-this is permeable to ions

Question 27

what is the distal convoluted tubule? (In the loop of Henle)

Answer 27

-where final reabsorption of ions and water occurs

Question 28

what is osmoregulation?

Answer 28

maintaining the balance of salt and water concentrations

Question 29

what is the ornithine cycle?

Answer 29

it takes place in the liver, and it converts ammonia to urea

Question 30

what are two excretory disorders?

Answer 30

-liver damage -nephritis

Question 31

what is cirrhosis?

Answer 31

when scar tissue affects normal liver function

Question 32

common causes of cirrhosis are?

Answer 32

-damage to liver from disease, medication or toxins -infection of hepatitis C -excess fat build up in liver

Question 33

are there any treatments for cirrhosis disease?

Answer 33

-there is no treatment however, -healthy diet -exercise can stop it from getting worse

Question 34

what are the symptoms of cirrhosis?

Answer 34

-loss of appetite -weight loss -vomit and/or diarrhea -lack of energy -increase of urination

Question 35

what is nephritis?

Answer 35

an inflammation of the kidneys -causes problems with filtering blood

Question 36

what is nephritis caused by?

Answer 36

disease medications some disorders

Question 37

what are symptoms of nephritis?

Answer 37

-weight loss -protein in urine -increased urination -increased vomit -vomiting