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10 Life Science > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal of waste products from the body

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2
Q

What are metabolic reactions?

A

All the reactions taking place in the body

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3
Q

When is nitrogenous waste form?

A

During metabolic reactions

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4
Q

How do these waste products become highly toxic?

A

If they accumulate ankle damaging body tissues

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5
Q

What would an accumulation of excess water lead to?

A

This wrapped homeostasis and lead to all sorts of complications

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6
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintaining the internal environment of the body in a steady state so that the cells can function properly

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7
Q

Define internal environment

A

Tissue fluid and blood make up the internal environment of the body

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8
Q

Why is the liver not and excretory organ?

A

Many waste products formed in the liver and excreted somewhere else

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9
Q

List the different types of nitrogenous waste

A
  1. Urea
  2. Uric acid
  3. Creatinine
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10
Q

How is urea formed?

A

Excess amino acids

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11
Q

What happens in the process of deamination?

A

Amino acids are broken down into ammonia and then into your area

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12
Q

How is uric acid form?

A

Breakdown of nucleic acids

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13
Q

Where is creatinine found?

A

Skeletal muscle cells

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14
Q

How is creatinine formed?

A

Creatine phosphate

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15
Q

Name non-nitrogenous waste

A
  1. Toxins and drugs
  2. Alcohol
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16
Q

What does toxins and drugs consist of?

A

Painkillers, tranquilises and nicotine

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17
Q

What is the effect of alcohol?

A

Causes permanent damage to the liver cells if a lot is drunk over a long period

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18
Q

What is the damage to liver cells known as?

A

Cirrhosis of liver

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19
Q

What are the excretory products are formed in the liver?

A
  1. Bile pigments
  2. Cholesterol
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20
Q

When are bile pigments formed?

A

From breakdown of red blood cells

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21
Q

When is cholesterol formed?

A

Breakdown of bile salts

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22
Q

How can we maintain homeostasis?

A

Get rid of waste products which continually defuses into the bloodstream

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23
Q

Where does the process of excretion take place?

A

Excretory organs

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24
Q

Name the four excretory organs

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Lungs
  3. Skin
  4. Gut/colon
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25
What does the kidneys excrete?
All of the nitrogenous waste and non-nitrogenous waste formed in the liver
26
What does the lungs do excretion?
Corbin dioxide released from cellular respiration is carried to lungs in blood and exhaled
27
What is also excreted by the lungs?
Water and heat
28
What is released onto the surface of the skin in the foremost switch?
Water, salts and small amount of urea
29
Where is sweat released from?
Sweat glands
30
How is the body cooled?
Sweat evaporates and heat is lost
31
How is sweat excretion and secretion?
E: get rid of waste S: maintain body temperature
32
Define secretion
Release of useful substances from specialise cells in the body
33
What is excreted in the colon?
Bile pigments and cholesterol pass into the small intestine and a funny excreted into faeces
34
What is excreted with the faeces from the gut?
Mucus and bacteria
35
Define egestion
Removal of undigested in an absolute feed material, faeces from the gut
36
What is the bladder?
Store the urine from the kidney
37
How is the urine expelled from the bladder?
See the urethra during urination
38
What is the main function of the year in the system?
Maintain homeostasis by regulating the volume and concentration of body fluids
39
How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?
Filtering and re-absorbing materials from the blood
40
Where is the urinary system found?
The abdominal cavity
41
What is the structure of the year and the system?
Check textbook
42
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney?
Pushed down by larger right lobe
43
How does the urinary system act in males?
Urethra passes through the penis and carry both urine and semen
44
How does the urinary system act in females?
Carries urine which exit through a separate opening in front of the vaginal opening
45
What are adrenal glands?
Endocrine glands + supra-renal glands
46
Where are the adrenal glands situated?
Above each kidney Not part excretory
47
What does the adrenal glands secrete?
Aldosterone - regulate salt concentration
48
Where are the kidneys found?
Abdominal cavity below diaphragm
49
Where do the kidneys lie?
Posterior wall on either side of vertebral column
50
How are the kidneys kept in position?
Attached to a thin layer of connective tissue – peritoneum Attach two large renal blood vessels
51
What does the kidney look like?
Been shaped and dark red in colour
52
What is the hilum shape?
In a border, facing the vertebral column is concave
53
What is the hilum?
Ureter, renal blood vessels and nerves enter and leave kidney
54
Name the three layers of supportive tissue surrounding the kidney
1. Renal capsule 2. Adipose tissue 3. Renal fascia
55
What part of the kidney does the renal capsule cover?
Covers the kidney surface – tough, fibrous
56
What part of the kidney does the adipose tissue cover?
Fatty middle layer
57
What does the adipose tissue do?
Hold the kidney in place and cushions it against blows
58
What part of the kidney does the renal fascia cover?
How to layer of fibrous connective tissue
59
What does the renal fascia do?
And is the kidney to surrounding structures
60
Defined macroscopic
Can be seen with naked eye
61
Define microscopic
Can only be seen under a microscope
62
What are nephrons?
Tiny tightly packed tubular units
63
We are nephrons found?
Cortex and medulla areas
64
What on the front responsible for?
Removing waste matter from the blood
65
What is each tubule in the nephron made up of?
1. Renal corpuscle 2. Renal tubule
66
Where is the renal corpuscle found?
Renal cortex
67
What is the renal corpuscle made of?
1. Bowman's capsule 2. Glomerulus
68
What is the bowman's capsule?
Cup-shaped structure
69
What is the glomerulus?
Cluster of capillaries
70
Where is the renal tubule found?
Cortex and medulla
71
What is the renal tubule made up of?
1. Proximal convoluted tubule - cortex 2. loop of Henle - medulla 3. Distal convoluted tubule - cortex
72
Where does the nephron lead to?
Collecting duct
73
How many nephrons share the same collecting duct?
12 nephrons
74
What is the collecting duct form?
Pyramids
75
Why does the kidney have to be well supplied with blood vessels?
It maintains homeostasis by removing unwanted substances from the blood
76
What to Waze is the kidney supplied with blood?
1. Renal artery 2. Renal vein
77
What is the renal artery?
Branch of the aorta
78
Where does the renal artery into the kidney?
At the hilum and spreads through the medulla to the cortex
79
What type of blood does the renal artery carry?
Blood rich in nitrogenous waste
80
Where does the renal artery carry the blood to?
Nephrons
81
What type of blood does the renal vein carry?
Purified, deoxygenated blood from the kidney
82
Where does the renal vein carries about you?
Inferior vena cava
83
Name the three major processes as fluid pass along the nephron
1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3. Tubular excretion
84
Short description of glomerular filtration
Fluid part of blood is filtered from the glomerulus into the cavity of the Bowmans capsule
85
Short description of tubular reabsorption
Fluid flows along the renal tubule, useful substances are reabsorbed back into bloodstream
86
What is tubular excretion?
Search an unwanted substances in the blood or actively excreted into the tubules

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