Excretory System

Question 1

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

Answer 1

To remove waste products from the body and regulate water and electrolyte balance.

Question 2

True or False: The kidneys are the main organs of the excretory system.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The basic functional unit of the kidney is called a _____ .

Answer 3

nephron

Question 4

What substance is primarily filtered out of the blood by the kidneys?

Answer 4

Urea

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the excretory system? A) Kidneys B) Bladder C) Liver D) Ureters

Answer 5

C) Liver

Question 6

What are the two main types of waste products excreted by the body?

Answer 6

Metabolic waste and excess substances.

Question 7

True or False: The urethra is responsible for transporting urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What hormone regulates water balance in the body?

Answer 8

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process of urine formation includes filtration, reabsorption, and _____ .

Answer 9

secretion

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtering blood? A) Glomerulus B) Loop of Henle C) Collecting duct D) Proximal tubule

Answer 10

A) Glomerulus

Question 11

What is the role of the bladder in the excretory system?

Answer 11

To store urine until it is excreted from the body.

Question 12

True or False: The excretory system helps to maintain acid-base balance in the body.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 13

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The process by which waste is eliminated from the body is called _____ .

Answer 14

excretion

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a waste product of protein metabolism? A) Glucose B) Urea C) Insulin D) Glycogen

Answer 15

B) Urea

Question 16

What is the main role of the renal pelvis?

Answer 16

To collect urine from the kidneys before it moves to the ureters.

Question 17

True or False: The skin is part of the excretory system.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 18

To concentrate urine and conserve water.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The excretion of urine is controlled by the _____ sphincter.

Answer 19

external urethral

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder? A) Urethra B) Ureter C) Nephron D) Glomerulus

Answer 20

B) Ureter

Question 21

What role does aldosterone play in the excretory system?

Answer 21

It regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body.

Question 22

True or False: Urine is typically sterile when it is produced.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the pH range of normal urine?

Answer 23

4.6 to 8.0

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The kidneys help to regulate _____ levels in the blood.

Answer 24

blood pressure

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing water and solutes? A) Glomerulus B) Proximal tubule C) Distal tubule D) Collecting duct

Answer 25

B) Proximal tubule

Question 26

What is the process by which substances are added to the urine from the blood called?

Answer 26

Secretion

Question 27

True or False: The kidneys can regenerate damaged tissue.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The primary waste product of cellular respiration is _____ .

Answer 28

carbon dioxide

Question 29

What is the main cause of kidney stones?

Answer 29

Concentration of certain minerals and salts in the urine.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which part of the kidney contains the nephrons? A) Renal cortex B) Renal medulla C) Renal pelvis D) Both A and B

Answer 30

D) Both A and B

Question 31

What is the effect of dehydration on urine concentration?

Answer 31

Urine becomes more concentrated.

Question 32

True or False: The excretory system has no role in regulating blood pH.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What are the four main organs of excretion?

Answer 33

* Kidneys * Lungs * Skin * Gut/Colon

Question 34

What do the kidneys excrete?

Answer 34

Nitrogenous waste, primarily urea, non-nitrogenous waste such as carbon dioxide, excess water, ions, hormones, poisons, and drugs.

Question 35

How is carbon dioxide excreted from the body?

Answer 35

It is carried to the lungs in the blood and exhaled when we breathe out.

Question 36

What substances are released from the skin during sweating?

Answer 36

Water, salts, and a small amount of urea.

Question 37

What is the function of sweat in the body?

Answer 37

It acts as excretion to remove waste and as secretion to help maintain body temperature.

Question 38

Define secretion.

Answer 38

The release of useful substances, such as hormones, from specialised cells in the body.

Question 39

What substances pass into the small intestine from the liver?

Answer 39

Bile pigments and cholesterol.

Question 40

What is the process of removing undigested and unabsorbed food material from the gut called?

Answer 40

Defaecation or egestion.

Question 41

What additional materials are excreted in the faeces?

Answer 41

A little mucus and bacteria.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The kidneys excrete all of the _______ waste formed in the liver.

Answer 42

nitrogenous

Question 43

True or False: The skin is only involved in excretion.

Answer 43

False