Excretory System

Question 1

What are metabolic wastes?

Answer 1

Substances produced by metabolism that can be toxic

Question 2

What is the process of getting rid of metabolic waste called?

Answer 2

Excretion

Question 3

What happens to cells if the fluid surrounding them becomes too watery?

Answer 3

Cells bloat (swell and potentially burst)

Question 4

What happens to cells if the fluid surrounding them becomes too salty?

Answer 4

Cells dehydrate (shrink/shrivel up)

Question 5

What happens to cells if urea or other waste products are not removed?

Answer 5

Cells die of poisoning

Question 6

What is the main excretory organ?

Answer 6

The Kidney

Question 7

How does perspiration develop an odor?

Answer 7

Bacteria decompose urea in perspiration, producing odorous compounds

Question 8

Which organ breaks down harmful and foreign substances?

Answer 8

The Liver

Question 9

Describe the path urine takes from formation to excretion.

Answer 9

Kidneys → Ureters → Urinary Bladder → Urethra

Question 10

In what structure does filtration take place?

Answer 10

Through the capillaries of glomerulus within Bowman’s Capsule

Question 11

Does passive transport require energy?

Answer 11

No, diffusion requires no input of energy

Question 12

What is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane called?

Answer 12

Osmosis

Question 13

What is a nephron?

Answer 13

A system of tubes that acts as a filter of blood and reabsorbs materials

Question 14

What provides the blood supply to the kidneys?

Answer 14

Renal artery

Question 15

How much higher is blood pressure in the glomerulus compared to other body capillaries?

Answer 15

Three times as high

Question 16

What is forced back into the bloodstream during active transport in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 16

Glucose, amino acids, and some salts

Question 17

What are the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule filled with?

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

Where can water diffuse out of the loop of Henle?

Answer 18

In the descending limb

Question 19

Where can water not diffuse out of the loop of Henle?

Answer 19

In the ascending limb

Question 20

What regulates the amount of water in urine?

Answer 20

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 21

What happens when the concentration of substances in the blood falls below normal?

Answer 21

Antidiuretic hormone is released to help reabsorb substances

Question 22

What waste products are excreted in the sweat glands?

Answer 22

Urea, salts, and water

Question 23

In what sequence do wastes pass through the kidney structures?

Answer 23

Bowman’s Capsule → Loop of Henle → Collecting Duct

Question 24

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

Answer 24

On either side of the spine in the lower back

Question 25

What is the most important function of the kidneys?

Answer 25

To filter blood and maintain homeostasis by excreting waste and regulating fluid/electrolytes

Question 26

What is included in metabolic waste products in the excretory system?

Answer 26

Urea, ammonia, carbon dioxide, water, mineral salts

Question 27

What percent of the filtrate's water is reabsorbed in the tubules?

Answer 27

99%

Question 28

How does the excretory system contribute to homeostasis?

Answer 28

Regulates water, salt, and removes waste from blood

Question 29

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 29

Transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 30

What waste materials are excreted during cellular respiration?

Answer 30

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 31

How are waste materials excreted through the skin?

Answer 31

Sweat removes water, salts, and urea via sweat glands

Question 32

What waste materials are excreted from the liver that start as amino acids?

Answer 32

Ammonia converted to urea