excretory system

Question 1

what are the excretory organs

Answer 1

colon, liver, kidney

Question 2

colon function

Answer 2

solid waste and material eaten, not absorbed

Question 3

liver function

Answer 3

hydrophobic waste, material eaten and not absorbed, did not dissolve in plasma

Question 4

kidney function

Answer 4

hydrophilic waste, eaten and absorbed, did dissolve in plasma

Question 5

kidney regulates and secretes

Answer 5

bp, ph, H2O/ion balance, secretes EPo to stim RBC, activate vitamin D

Question 6

alimentary canal

Answer 6

muscular tube, mouth to anus

Question 7

liver digestive function

Answer 7

produces bile

Question 8

bile

Answer 8

emulsifies fat, amphipathic (polar head, non polar tail)

Question 9

gallbladder

Answer 9

stores and concentrates bile

Question 10

pancreas endocrine role

Answer 10

insulin, glucagon

Question 11

pancreas exocrine role

Answer 11

bicarbonate ion, digestive enzymes (lipases, proteases, amylases, nucleases)

Question 12

grinds food, moistens food, begin starch and lipid digestion

Answer 12

mouth

Question 13

teeth, tongue, salivary glands

Answer 13

mouth

Question 14

exocrine mouth

Answer 14

saliva, H2O, mucus, enzymes, lingual lipase (digest fat), lysozyme (kill bacteria), amylase (digest starch)

Question 15

tube brings food to stomach

Answer 15

esophagus

Question 16

starts out skeletal, becomes smooth muscle

Answer 16

esophagus

Question 17

sphincter in esophagus

Answer 17

cardiac (prevent reflux)

Question 18

very limited digestion and absorption, storage tank for food

Answer 18

stomach

Question 19

structure of stomach

Answer 19

gastric glands and pyloric sphincter

Question 20

gastric glands

Answer 20

lumen, mucus, parietal, chief cells

Question 21

pyloric sphincter

Answer 21

controls entry of stomach, contents into small intestine

Question 22

stomach exocrine

Answer 22

parietal and chief cells

Question 23

parietal cells

Answer 23

hydrochloric acid (HCL)

Question 24

chief cells

Answer 24

pepsinogen (cleaved to pepsin-protease- by HCL)

Question 25

endocrine stomach

Answer 25

G cells: secrete gastrin (inc gastric glands, feedback inhibited by pH)

Question 26

virtually all digestion and absorption

Answer 26

small intestine

Question 27

three regions of small intestine

Answer 27

duodenum (5%), jejunum (40%), ileum (55%)

Question 28

small intestine structure importance

Answer 28

inc SA

Question 29

exocrine of small intestine

Answer 29

enterokinase and brush border enzymes

Question 30

activates trypsinogen and sets off chain rxn

Answer 30

enterokinase

Question 31

dipeptides and disaccharides, create monomers for absorp

Answer 31

brush border enzymes

Question 32

endocrine of small intestine

Answer 32

enterogastrone, CCK, secretin

Question 33

triggered by food in small intestines, slows down stomach emptying and motility

Answer 33

enterogastrone

Question 34

increases bile release and pancreatic enzyme release, trigger fats and proteins in sm intestines

Answer 34

CCK

Question 35

triggered by low pH in intestines, increases bicarb release from pancrease

Answer 35

secretin

Question 36

reabsorbs H2O, store feces

Answer 36

large intestine

Question 37

structure of large intestine

Answer 37

1. ) bacteria
2. ) illeocecal valve
3. ) internal/external sphincters

Question 38

secrete vitamin K, reduce growth of pathogens by eating leftover nutrients

Answer 38

bacteria

Question 39

usually closed bu relaxes when food in stomach

Answer 39

illeocecal valve

Question 40

internal anal spincter

Answer 40

involuntary control, smooth muscle

Question 41

external anal spinhcter

Answer 41

voluntary control, skeletal muscle