Exercise 27 Kingdom Fungi Flashcards
Hypha
The basic structure of a fungus; a slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei enclosed by a cell wall
Mycelium
A mass of hyphae that makes up an individual organism
Extracellular digestion
A process by which saprobionts feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food. The enzymes catalyze the digestion of the food into molecules small enough to be taken up by passive diffusion, transport, or phagocytosis.
Absorptive heterotrophs
What fungi are called because the mycelium and its hyphae absorb the digested nutrients. Heterotrophs obtain their energy from organic molecules made by other organisms
Saprophytes
Organisms that obtain food from dead organic matter (Most fungi do)
Parasites
Fungi that feed on living organisms
Haustoria
Modified hyphae that are thin extensions of the hyphae that penetrate living cells and absorb nutrients (many parasitic fungi have them)
Septa
Hyphae of some species of fungi have crosswalls that separate cytoplasm and nuclei into cells
Coenocytic
Multinucleate
Chitin
What cell walls of fungi are composed of; the same polysaccharides that comprise the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans
Spores
Haploid vegetative cells that undergo mitosis to produce allow fungi to reproduce
Phototaxis
The orientation of an organism to light
Budding
One of the methods of asexual reproduction for fungus; mitosis followed by an uneven distribution of cytoplasm, and then an outgrowth of the original cell detaches and matures into a new organism (common in yeasts);
Fragmentation
One of the methods of asexual reproduction in fungi; the breaking of an organism into one or more pieces, each of which can develop into a new individual
Plasmogamy
In many fungal Iife cycles, haploid cells from two mating strains will fuse their cytoplasm
