Exercise 38 — Digestive System Flashcards
(69 cards)
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function of digestive system
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provides body with nutrients, water, and electrolytes essential for health
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define digestion
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ingested food is broken down into smaller diffusible components to make it available to body
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define absorption
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results of digestion pass through epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to body cells
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two major groups of digestive system
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gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal)
accessory digestive organs
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teeth, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas are…
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accessory digestive structures
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tongue is supported by the ________ muscle
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mylohyoid
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secures tongue to floor of mouth
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lingual frenulum
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palatine tonsils are bound by the anterior _________ arch and the posterior _________ arch
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palatoglossal arch (anterior)
palatopharyngeal arch (posterior)
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inflammation of palatine tonsils
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tonsilitis
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sphincter between esophagus and stomach
gastroesophageal sphincter (cardia)
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two mesenteries connected to stomach
greater omentum
lesser omentum
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lesser omentum extends from liver to the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_
lesser curvature
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greater omentum extends from the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_
greater curvature
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\_\_\_\_\_\_ ______ secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes
gastic glands
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after food is processed in stomach it becomes \_\_\_\_\_
chyme
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what do chief cells produce
pepsinogen
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what do parietal cells produce
HCl
intrinsic factor
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between stomach and duodenum
pyloric sphincter
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first 10 inches of small intestine
duodenum
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extends 8 feet from the duodenum
jejunum
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extends 12 feet after jejunum
ileum
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between small & large intestines
ileocecal valve
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one of two enzymes in small intestine - bound to microvilli
brush border enzymes
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enzymes move from pancreas to small intestine via the...
main pancreatic duct
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bile enters small intestine via the ___ \_\_\_\_
bile duct
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in small intestine, ducts join to form bulblike __________ \_\_\_\_\_ which empty their products into duodenum through the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, controlled by the _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_
hepatopancreatic ampulla
major duodenal papilla
hepatopancreatic sphincter
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microscopic projections on surface of epithelial lining of small intestine
microvilli
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fingerlike projections of the mucosa tunic in small intestine that give it a velvety appearance
villi
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deep permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa of small intestine that force chyme to spiral through intestine, slowing its progress
circular folds
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lymph nodules in submucosa of small intestine
Peyer's patches
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inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
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right side of colon is \_\_\_\_\_\_, left side is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ascending
descending
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3 longitudinal muscle bands of large intestine
teniae coli
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pocketlike sacs of large intestine
haustra
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3 pairs of major salivary glands
parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
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salivary glands anterior to ear
parotid glands
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salivary glands along medial aspect of mandibular body
submandibular glands
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salivary glands anterior in floor of mouth
sublingual glands
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saliva consists of glycoprotein \_\_\_\_\_
mucin
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mass of food in the mouth
bolus
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\_\_\_\_\_\_ _______ in saliva begins digestion of starch
salivary amylase
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largest gland in body
liver
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liver is suspended from diaphragm by the...
falciform ligament
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liver's digestive function
produces bile
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bile function
emulsifies fats
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function of gallbladder
stores bile when digestion is not occuring
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hexagonal structures in liver
lobules
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liver cells
hepatocytes
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at each of the 6 corners of a lobule
portal triad
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blood filled spaces between liver cells
sinusoids
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phagocytic cells lining sinusoids
stellate macrophages OR hepatic macrophages
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bile flows through tiny canals called _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ running between liver cells
bile canaliculi
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pancreatic juice is very _______ and neutralizes acidic chyme
alkaline
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why does the acidic chyme need to be neutralized as it enters the small intestine?
pancreatic and intestinal enzymes function optimally at slightly alkaline pH
