Exercise and Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What controls HR?

Answer 1

SA node and automaticity

Question 2

What is steady state and when is it typically reached?

Answer 2

optimal HR for a given workload (HR should flatten out)
1-2min

Question 3

What is training effect?

Answer 3

heart rate will be less same workload over time
*don’t make goals for this bc many factors play a role

Question 4

How do you calculate HRMax

Answer 4

220 - age

Question 5

low-level stress test __%HRMax
sub-max stress test __%HRMax

Answer 5

75%
85%

Question 6

What is stroke volume?

Answer 6

The amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle each cardiac cycle or heart beat

Question 7

How do you calculate stroke volume?

Answer 7

SV = End diastolic volume - End systolic volume
SV = EDV - ESV

Question 8

What is end diastolic volume and end systolic volume

Answer 8

EDV = how much is in ventricles during filling
ESV = how much is remaining

Question 9

What is the relationship between preload (how much blood is in the heart), EDV, and SV

Answer 9

inc preload –> inc EDV –> ESV
more tension = more blood out

Question 10

What is the relationship between afterload, ESV, and SV
(afterload is the pressure the ventricles need to over come in oder to eject blood)

Answer 10

Inc after-load –> inc ESV –> dec SV

Question 11

___ is the pressure the ventricles need to over come in oder to eject blood

Answer 11

After-load

Question 12

Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors that influence contractility

Answer 12

intrinsic - myocardial stretch (EDV)
extrinsic - sympathetic stimulation (epinephrine)

Question 13

How does our body do venous return

Answer 13

gastroc - walking
one way valves up legs
respiratory pump - ICV passes through diaphragm

Question 14

What happens to stroke volume as venous return increases? why?

Answer 14

increases because there is more blood to be pumped in and out

Question 15

What is normal stroke volume? how does it change if you are an athlete

Answer 15

70 ml/beat
increases if you are an athlete

Question 16

What is cardiac output

Answer 16

volume of blood pumped out per min

Question 17

how do you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 17

CO (Q) = HR x SV

Question 18

2 people with 50 bpm and 80bpm both have a Qrest = 5.04 l/min.
How does stroke volume influence cardiac output at rest?

Answer 18

higher stroke volume = less bpm bc heart is more efficient
lower stroke volume = more bpm bc heart is less efficient

Question 19

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
dec sympathetic stim to heart

Answer 19

inc HR and dec SV

Question 20

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
inc parasympatheitc stim to heart

Answer 20

dec HR and inc SV

Question 21

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
inc venous return

Answer 21

dec HR and inc SV

Question 22

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
dec EDV

Answer 22

inc HR and dec SV

Question 23

to maintain 5l/min CO, what happens to HR and SV when:
dec blood volume

Answer 23

inc HR and dec SV

Question 24

What happens to HR and SV when CO increases during exercise

Answer 24

HR and SV increase

Question 25

What is ejection fraction

Answer 25

the percentage of ventricular filling that is ejected with each heart beat

Question 26

How do you calculate ejection fraction?

Answer 26

EF = SV / EDV SV = (EDV - ESV)

Question 27

What is a normal ejection fraction What percentage is indicative of heart failure

Answer 27

60-70% <40%

Question 28

What happens to SBP during exercise, why?

Answer 28

increases because blood is being pumped more quickly causing more pressure

Question 29

What are some reasons for concern with SBP and exercise

Answer 29

SBP doesn't rise drop >10mmHg extertional hypotension (drop >20mmHg)

Question 30

What is normal and abnormal DBP response during exercise

Answer 30

norm: unchanged or slight decrease abnormal: >90mmHg or increase >10mmHg

Question 31

What is the relationship between pulse pressure and exercise how do you calculate PP

Answer 31

PP = SBP - DBP widens with inc workload

Question 32

What is narrowing and excessive widening of PP a sign of

Answer 32

narrowing - inotropic incompetence or decrease contractility excessive widening - arteriosclerosis or systolic hypertension

Question 33

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), what is the norm

Answer 33

average pressure in arteries over one cardiac cycle 70 mmHg

Question 34

How do you calculate MAP

Answer 34

MAP = DBP + .33(pulse pressure) pulse pressure = sys - dys

Question 35

What is Rate Pressure Product and how do you calculate

Answer 35

indicator of myocardial O2 demand RPP = SBP x HR

Question 36

what are you at risk of if RPP is above norm (20,000 - 40,000)

Answer 36

ischemia

Question 37

Endurance is looking at delivery of blood and utilization (O2 used by tissues) of blood. How is utilization measured

Answer 37

a - vo2 diff arterial - venous difference

Question 38

How do you measure oxygen consumption? (VO2)

Answer 38

V02 = HR x SV x (a-vO2 diff)

Question 39

How do you measure O2 consumption with central and peripheral

Answer 39

central: CO = HR x SV peripheral: A - VO2 differance

Question 40

what is resting O2 consumption (approx)

Answer 40

250ml/min

Question 41

__ml/kg/min = 1 MET

Answer 41

3.5