Exercise and muscle performance Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is hypertrophy?
The process of adding structural proteins to muscle fibers, resulting in increased cell diameter.
What is atrophy?
The loss of structural proteins and muscle mass.
What is sarcopenia?
Age-related muscle atrophy.
Which type of muscle fibers are predominantly used in endurance exercises?
Slow fibers (SO fibers).
What metabolic process do slow-twitch fibers primarily use?
Aerobic metabolism.
What cellular change occurs in slow fibers due to endurance training?
Increased production of mitochondria.
What is myoglobin’s role in muscle cells?
Acts as an oxygen storage supply for the mitochondria.
What is angiogenesis?
The formation of more extensive capillary networks around muscle fibers.
What is the effect of endurance training on muscle mass?
Muscle mass does not greatly increase to maintain diffusion efficiency.
What type of muscle fibers do bodybuilders predominantly have?
Fast glycolytic fibers (FG fibers).
What is the main adaptation of muscles due to resistance exercise?
Increased formation of myofibrils, leading to muscle hypertrophy.
What happens if the intensity of resistance training is not increased?
Muscle size does not increase.
What are the potential consequences of improper resistance training?
Overuse injuries of the muscle, tendon, or bone.
What is the role of anabolic steroids in athletic performance?
To boost muscle mass and increase power output.
What is erythropoietin (EPO) used for by endurance athletes?
To increase the availability of oxygen to muscles.
What is the primary role of human growth hormone (hGH) in athletes?
To promote healing of muscle and other tissues after strenuous exercise.
What are some health risks associated with the use of performance-enhancing substances?
Infertility, aggressive behavior, cardiovascular disease, and brain cancer.
What does creatine do in muscle cells?
Provides quick bursts of ATP for initial muscle contraction.
What is the effect of aging on muscle fibers?
Muscle fibers die and are replaced by connective and adipose tissue.
How does aging affect the performance of endurance athletes compared to strength athletes?
Less noticeable decline in endurance athletes’ performance.
What happens to fast glycolytic fibers (FG fibers) as muscles age?
There is a reduction in FG fibers, affecting the ability to produce powerful contractions.
Fill in the blank: Age-related muscle atrophy is known as _______.
sarcopenia.
True or False: Resistance training typically results in increased capillary density.
False.
What is sarcopenia?
A condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging
