Exercise Capacity Flashcards
- Define exercise
2. Give examples
- Purposeful, structured activity
Involves gross muscular activity to improve physical condition
- E.G. jogging, stretching, weight training
- Define physical activity
2. Give examples
- A holistic term that includes all (purposeful
+ incidental) muscular activity of all intensities - E.G. walking, stairs
Define activities of daily living.
Basic independent self-care tasks done on a daily basis that require co-ordination, strength + range of motion
What is needed between ventilation and perfusion for efficient gas exchange?
Maximum coupling is needed between ventilation and perfusion for efficient gas exchange
Maximum coupling is needed between ventilation and perfusion for efficient gas exchange.
Inadequacy of either V or Q will have a significant impact on 2 factors.
What are these 2 factors?
- Removal of CO2
2. Blood oxygenation
Exercise limitation can be caused by deficits in several systems of the body.
Name 2.
E.G.
- Neurological
- Respiratory
- Cardiovascular
- Muscular
Exercise limitation can be caused by deficits in several systems of the body.
One of these systems is the neurological system.
Give an example of a type of deficit that could cause exercise limitation.
E.G. deficits in motor control
E.G. deficits in co-ordination
Exercise limitation can be caused by deficits in several systems of the body.
One of these systems is the respiratory system.
Give an example of a type of deficit that could cause exercise limitation.
E.G. deficits in ability for lungs to ventilate
E.G. deficits affecting pulmonary perfusion
E.G. deficits in gas exchange between lungs + blood
Exercise limitation can be caused by deficits in several systems of the body.
One of these systems is the cardiovascular system.
Give an example of a type of deficit that could cause exercise limitation.
E.G. deficits in ability for heart to receive blood from lungs
E.G. deficits in heart’s ability to pump oxygenated blood to working muscles
Exercise limitation can be caused by deficits in several systems of the body.
One of these systems is the muscular system.
Give an example of a type of deficit that could cause exercise limitation.
E.G. deficits in local perfusion
E.G. defects in muscle cell enzymes
What is cardiopulmonary exercise testing?
A technical, high-precision and relatively expensive way of assessing exercise capacity
What is involved in the cardiopulmonary exercise test?
- Uses a cycle ergometer or treadmill
- Intensity is incremental
- Undertaken under close clinical supervision in a controlled environment
- ECG, ventilation, O2 and CO2 routinely measured
What are the outputs of the cardiopulmonary exercise test?
- Lots of data
- Peak VO2 usually the primary outcome
- ECG changes monitored throughout
Discuss the advantages [3] and disadvantages [3] of the cardiopulmonary exercise test.
Advantages
[+] Quantifies performance in relation to metabolism
[+] Precise + reproducible
[+] Continuous monitoring for safety
Disadvantages
[-] Requires skilled technical support (calibration)
[-] Very expensive (initial + ongoing costs)
[-] Needs dedicated space
Exercise capacity can be evaluated in clinical populations.
Give 3 methods of doing so.
- Cardiopulmonary exercise test
- Six-minute walk test (6MWT)
- Incremental shuttle walk test
What is the six minute walk test (6MWT)?
Way of assessing exercise capacity
Basic protocol that can be undertaken with basic space, kit + personnel
Involves walking over 20-30m flat course and recording distance covered over 6 mins
What does the six minute walk test (6MWT) involve?
- Uses a 20-30m flat course (e.g. a corridor)
- Objective = cover greatest distance possible in 6 mins
- Externally timed by assessor
- Sub-maximal test
What is the primary outcome of the cardiopulmonary exercise test?
Peak VO2 = usual primary outcome
What equipment is used in a cardiopulmonary exercise test?
Cycle ergometer or treadmill
also ECG, equipment for O2/CO2 monitoring
What is the objective of the six minute walk test (6MWT)?
To cover the greatest distance possible in 6 mins
What are the outputs of the six minute walk test (6MWT)?
Primary outcome = total distance walked in 6 mins
Secondary variables may be ‘perceived exertion’ scales, heart rate + pulse oximetry
What is the primary outcome of the six minute walk test (6MWT)?
Primary outcome = total distance walked in 6 mins
What may the secondary variables of the six minute walk test (6MWT) be?
Secondary variables may be ‘perceived exertion’ scales, heart rate + pulse oximetry
What may the secondary variables of the six minute walk test (6MWT) be?
Secondary variables may be ‘perceived exertion’ scales, heart rate + pulse oximetry
