Exercise for rehabilitation and training

Question 1

What causes the metabolic dilation of muscle blood vessels?

Answer 1

Local factors such as K+, Adenosine and Phosphate

Question 2

What 2 factors increase to accommodate an athlete explain in detail?

Answer 2

1. Increase in Cardiac Output max
   a) Increase EDV
   b) Decrease ESV
2. Increase in VO2 max
   a) Increased blood flow
   b) Vascular changes
   c) Increased haematocrit

Question 3

What are the benefits of rehabilitation?

Answer 3

Increased parasympathetic activity, vasodilation, increased inotropy

Question 4

NICE Guidelines in terms of exercise for those with cardiovascular disease

Answer 4

At least 150 minutes moderate intensity aerobic activity need to feel warm, increased heart rate and breathing rate but should still be able to walk.

Question 5

How can the CO be increased in exercise?

Answer 5

• EDV: Venous return - Increased chamber size, blood volume, central venous pressure
• ESV: Eccentric hypertrophy- increased radius: Laplace’s law P=2T/r, pressure decreases however new sarcomeres added in a series so increase in contractility overcomes the reduction in pressure.

Question 6

How can VO2 be increased?

Answer 6

• Increased blood flow due to eNOS that produce NO causing vasodilation
• Increased capillary to fibre ratio
• Increased conversion of capillary to arterioles
• Increased myoglobin
• Increase surface area and decreased length of diffusion
• Increased haematocrit: Epo recombinant can be used for doping