Exercise Injuries Exam 1

Question 1

Conduction

Answer 1

through direct contact with source

EX cucumbers on eyes, wet towel

Question 2

Convection

Answer 2

through another medium

EX air, water oven

Question 3

Evaporation

Answer 3

Drawing off heat through vapors
respiration inhaling/exhaling of hot air out
EX sweat

Question 4

Radiation

Answer 4

emitted through particles or waves

Question 5

Hypothermia

Answer 5

• body temp below 95

- immediate/gradual

Question 6

Shivering

Answer 6

• vasoconstriction blood to core so less heat lost on skin

- involuntary contraction of skel muscle increase metabolic heat

Question 7

Hypothermia S&S

Answer 7

MIld
shivering, loss of motor fxn, slurred speech, confusion
Severe
body temp below 90, stiff muscles, blue skin (cyanotic), decreased perspiration, LOC

Question 8

Hypothermia What to do

Answer 8

• move to warm
• remove wet/cold clothing and replace with warm/dry
• hot DECAF drinks if conscious and able to swallow
• monitor vital signs
• risk for cardiac arrest
• if shivering stops 911

Question 9

Hypothermia can happen above___ degrees

Frostbite has to be below_____ degrees

Answer 9

32

Question 10

Frostbite

Answer 10

• freezing of tissue b/c prolonged excessive exposure to cold
• Ext temp -20 degrees will cause complete freezing of exposed tissue
• frostnip is outermost layer usually nose, fingers, ears, feet

Question 11

Windchill determined from

Answer 11

wind speed

wind temp

Question 12

Sweating Mechanism

Answer 12

• 1-2 sec after ex begins
• equilibrium direct relation to ex load in 30 min
• adults sweat 1-2 L/Hr
• Peak 3 L/Hr
• after 3-5% BW lost thermoregulation and work capacity become impaired

Question 13

Heat Cramps S&S

Answer 13

• excessive water/electrolyte loss
• physical exertion in hot environment
• sudden onset
• stop exercise
• drink fluid
• static stretching

Question 14

Heat Exhaustion

Answer 14

All BV opening to get blood to extremities and heart cant keep up

• inadequate CV response
• slow progressive

Question 15

Heat Exhaustion S&S

Answer 15

• moist, clammy skin with fatigue, headache
• nausea, dizziness
• altered consciousness
• increased respiratory rate
• weak rapid pulse
• Body temp 101-104
• decreased BP

Question 16

Heat Stroke

Answer 16

• type 1 classic obese, chronically ill, elderly, diabetics
• type 2 exertion seen athletes ex in warm and humid
• body unable to cool itself, radical elevation of body temp exceeding 105

Question 17

Heat Stroke S&S

Answer 17

• sweating might stop, hot skin
• altered consciousness
• gi distress
• motor disturbances and loss of coordination
• rapid strong pulse

Question 18

Proper Hydration

Answer 18

During activity
8-12 oz every 20-30 min
Post activity
8-12 oz for every pound lost

Question 19

Acclimatization

Answer 19

• allow 2-6 weeks ahead of time
• need for heat exposure every 4 days
• practice time during even time of day

Question 20

Lightning Facts

Answer 20

• 25 mil strikes a year
• 100 deaths/500 injuries
• can strike 10 miles from rain area
• Most injuries may-sept 10-7

Question 21

Lightning Safety Policies

Answer 21

• watch afternoon skies (3-9)
• 30 min
• programs need lightning/safety EAP
• Be firm with decisions

Question 22

Evaluations 4

Answer 22

Pre-participation Exam PPE
On field assessment
Off field assessment
progress evaluation

Question 23

Pre participation exam

Answer 23

done to rule out pre disposing injuries/illnesses that may hinder athletic participation

Question 24

On field assessment

Answer 24

immediately done after acute injury, determines the immediate course of action/acute care necessary

• first aid
• emergency transport

Question 25

Off field Assessment

Answer 25

in training room, clinic | -after appropriate first aid treatment is rendered to determine extent and impression of injury

Question 26

Progress Evaluation

Answer 26

periodically done throughout rehab process to determine effectiveness of treatment regimen

Question 27

Off field evaluation process | Basic categories of Evaluation

Answer 27

- History - Observation - Palpation - Joint motion and Strength - Special Tests

Question 28

SOAP

Answer 28

Subjective Objective Assessment Plan

Question 29

Cerebrum/Cortex

Answer 29

- Executive Functions (reason/decision making) - Voluntary muscle activity - sensory impulses - memory - learning - judgement

Question 30

Cerebellum

Answer 30

-AUTOMATIC movement of skel muscle

Question 31

Pons

Answer 31

- sleep - bladder - posture - respiration - swallowing

Question 32

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 32

- Lowest part - HR - Breathing - BP - coughing - sneezing - vomiting

Question 33

Skull Fracture S&S

Answer 33

MOI trauma blunt - severe headache - nausea - palpation may reveal defect/indentation - blood in ear/nose - raccoon eyes - battle signs

Question 34

Concussion MOI

Answer 34

- direct blow/contact - mobile head contacts fixed object - immediate/transient post traumatic impairment of neural functions (consciousness/vision/equilibrium)

Question 35

Concussion S&S

Answer 35

- vary - very subjective - headache - tinnitus - nausea - irritability - confusion - LOC - dizzy/disoriented

Question 36

Post traumatic amnesia | Retrograde amnesia

Answer 36

- remembers up to not after | - cant remember up to, but can after

Question 37

Second Impact Syndrome MOI

Answer 37

-rapid swelling in brain following second head injury before 1st injury symptoms are negative (minor or life threatening)

Question 38

Second Impact Syndrom S&S

Answer 38

- may not lose consciousness - 15min-minutes condition rapidly worsens - LOC - Coma - 50% fatal - CARE within 5 min/surgery

Question 39

Spine

Answer 39

7 C 12 T 5 L

Question 40

Videos

Answer 40

- see what you hit | - axial loading

Question 41

Sciatica MOI

Answer 41

inflammation of sciatic nerve | -vulnerable to torsion or direct blow imposing abnormal stretching and pressure on nerve from spine

Question 42

Sciatica S&S

Answer 42

abrupt or gradual - sharp shooting pain or dull aching pain - follows nerve pathway along posterior and medial thigh

Question 43

Herniated Lumbar Disk MOI

Answer 43

- repetitive/sustained forward bending and twisting - causes bulging dist to protrude against spinal cord/nerve root - jelly donut

Question 44

Herniated Lumbar Dist S&S

Answer 44

- centrally located pain radiating on one side - across back or butt to foot - worse in mornings - posture bent slightly away from pain