Exercise Physiology 4 Review

Question 1

Diabetes Type 1

Answer 1

-lack of insulin
-viral infections
-Monitor glucose before and after PA

Question 2

Diabetes Type 2

Answer 2

-insulin resistant
-upper body obesity

Question 3

Diabetes Type 1 Treatment

Answer 3

Insulin injections
5-10%

Question 4

Diabetes Type 2 Treatment

Answer 4

Exercise
90-95%

Question 5

Asthma

Answer 5

a respiratory problem characterized by SOB and wheezing

Question 6

Asthma Diagnosis

Answer 6

• due to bronchiole hyper-responsiveness
• swelling of mucosal cells
• hyper secretion of mucus
• done by using pulmonary functional testing

Question 7

Asthma prevention and relief

Answer 7

avoid allergens
immunotherapy
medications

• beta2 receptor agonist works on the lungs

Question 8

Exercise Induced Asthma

Answer 8

• caused by airway narrowing caused by increased exercise
• caused by cold dry air

Question 9

EIA Management

Answer 9

• decrease salt
• increase caffeine
• meds

Question 10

COPD

Answer 10

causes reduction in airflow that has a dramatic effect on daily activities

Question 11

Types of COPD

Answer 11

• Emphysema: irreversible; elastic recoil of alveoli and bronchioles reduced
• Chronic Asthma: decreased ability to exhale “wheezing”
• Bronchitis: persistent production of sputum due to thickened bronchial walls

Question 12

GOLD Classification

Answer 12

Gold 1: Mild COPD: FEV1 80% predicted
Gold 2: Mod COPD: FEV1 50-79% predicted
Gold 3: Severe COPD: FEV1 30-49% predicted
Gold 4: Very Severe COPD: FEV1 <30% predicted

Question 13

Dyspnea Scale

Answer 13

Light: barely noticeable
Moderate: bothersome
Mod/sev: very uncomfortable
Most severe: most intense ever experienced

Question 14

Osteoperosis

Answer 14

• decreased bone mineral density
• increased fracture risk

Question 15

Type 1 Osteoperosis

Answer 15

• vertebral and distal radius fractures
  (50-65yo)

Question 16

Type 2 Osteoporosis

Answer 16

• hip, pelvis, distal humerus fractures
  (70+ yo, 2x more women

Question 17

Osteoclasts

Answer 17

bone removal

Question 18

Trabecular

Answer 18

internal lattice structure

Question 19

Cortical

Answer 19

dense outer portion of bone

Question 20

Use of Nitroglycerine

Answer 20

-HA prevention
- relieve pain by relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessels
- reduce work imposed on heart by vascular systems

Question 21

MI

Answer 21

• heart damage ( loss of ventricular muscle)
• due to prolonged occlusion of 1+ coronary arteries

Question 22

CABG

Answer 22

surgery to bypass blocked artery

Question 23

PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)

Answer 23

• angioplasty
• balloon placed via catheter to open occluded artery

Question 24

Phases of Cardiac Rehab

Answer 24

Phase 1: In Patient Program
- help transition from cardiac event –> discharge
- pt education, transfers, mobility

Phase 2: Out Patient Program
- begins as soon after discharge
- to help build confidence, decrease risk factors, improve QOL

Phase 3: HEP
- after 8-16wks of phase 2
- less supervision, maybe HITT

Question 25

Amenorrhea is due to a disruption between what parts of the brain?

Answer 25

hypothalamus and pituitary glands

Question 26

Dysmenorrhea is due to what?

Answer 26

Prostaglandins

Question 27

Female Athlete Triad

Answer 27

- low energy availability (eating disorders) - low bone mineral density - amenorrhea

Question 28

What should you avoid when training a diabetic patient?

Answer 28

-hypoglycemic episodes - injection sites (type 1)

Question 29

Sarcopenia

Answer 29

loss of muscle mass related to age

Question 30

muscle mass declines ___% after _____yo

Answer 30

- 1-2% - 50 yo

Question 31

Endurance declines after what age

Answer 31

60 yo

Question 32

Age related VO2 max decline is due to

Answer 32

- decreased max HR - decreased max SV - decreased max a-vO2 diff

Question 33

O2 is an effective ergogenic aid when breathed when

Answer 33

during an endurance event (no improvements after exercise)

Question 34

antioxidants

Answer 34

reduce muscle damage from severe eccentric contraction

Question 35

B-Alanine

Answer 35

buffers acids in muscles

Question 36

Chromium

Answer 36

enhances amino acid uptake

Question 37

ergogenic aids

Answer 37

substances that are work producing and are believed to increase performance

Question 38

Blood doping

Answer 38

- re infusion of RBC to increase hemoglobin and 02 carrying capacity

Question 39

Autologous Transfusion

Answer 39

subjects own blood

Question 40

Homologous Transfusion

Answer 40

donors blood

Question 41

EPO

Answer 41

- natural kidney hormone that stimulates RBC production - for chemo pts - increase hematocrit and O2 carrying capacity

Question 42

Blood Doping increases _____ and O2 carrying capacity, while EPO increases ____ and O2 carrying capacity

Answer 42

blood doping - hemoglobin EPO - hematocrit

Question 43

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 43

interaction btw individual, behavior, and environment - for understanding behavior

Question 44

Transtheoretical Model

Answer 44

precontemplation, contemplation, prep, action, maintenance - for promoting exercise behavior

Question 45

Health Belief Model

Answer 45

a persons belief on if they are susceptible to a disease or not and their perceptions of the benefits of trying to avoid it - influences their rediness to act

Question 46

Self Determination theory

Answer 46

Individuals have 3 needs: 1. self determination/actualization 2. demonstrating competency/mastery 3. relatedness or ability to have meaningful social interactions

Question 47

Theory of planned behavior

Answer 47

intention to perform a behavior is the primary determinant of behavior

Question 48

Social Ecological Models

Answer 48

- consider the impact of + connection btw individuals and their environment