Exercise Prescription Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the core principles for exercise prescription for it to be effective?
- Specific to patient needs + ability
- Overload the muscles
- Constantly progress to maintain specificity, interest + effective optimise efficacy
What needs to be considered when deciding the type of exercise prescribed to a patient?
- Current level of strength
- Equipment available
- Aims of your exercise
- Activity you are aiming to improve
What are some of the types of exercise decisions?
- Active assisted / Active / Resisted
- Isometric / Concentric / Eccentric
- Specific / functional
What are some types of resistance used in exercise prescription?
- Gravity, friction
- Manual resistance
- Resistance bands (portable & adaptable to most workouts, different strengths)
- Suspension equipment (training tool using gravity + user’s body weight)
- Body weight (e.g. squats, jumps, push-ups and chin-ups)
- Free weights (e.g. dumbbells, barbells and kettlebells)
- Medicine balls or sand-bags
- Weight/resistance machines (adjustable increments through weights or hydraulics)
What needs to be thought about when planning exercises?
- Do they need any ROM first / alongside?
- What muscle group(s) need strengthening?
- What type of strengthening do they need (strength, power, endurance)?
- How is it best to train for this (eccentric, concentric, isometric)?
- What dose will you prescribe (resistance, frequency, intensity, rest FITTVP)?
- What can your patient achieve (consider pain, fitness, time)?
What steps must be taken to create an exercise plan?
- Assessment & Problem list formation
- Collaborative SMART Goal setting
- Problem lists
- Plan your exercise programme
(Remember specificity of each patient)
How do we know when to progress exercises?
- Subjective info
- Objective info
Why do we need to progress our patient?
- Maintain specificity
- Maintain patient interest + avoid frustration + reduce compliance
- Optimise efficacy + recovery
How can we progress exercises?
- Change the exercise
- Increase complexity / include kinetic chain
- Increase the load
- Change the lever
- Increase resistance / reduce friction
- Reduce stability
- Increase time under tension
How can we regress our exercise suggestions?
- Reduce resistance (friction)
- Reduce load
- Reduce reps / sets / frequency
- Change the lever
- Reduce complexity
How can over-training affect a patient?
- Reduce compliance and adherence to the exercise regimen.
- Reduce intensity of effort (due to local muscle, or total-body fatigue or psychological responses).
- Have negative effects on immune response.
What may affect the reps + sets you prescribe for your patient?
- Form
- Pain / Tolerance
- Age
- Other fitness constraints
- Goals / needs of the patient
In a needs analysis what must you consider?
- How much time the patient has for their exercises
- Which muscle groups need strengthening
- What the patient’s goals are
- Their SIN factor
When considering frequency of exercises. If you have a patient who, due to their pain, is only able to manage working at 40% of their maximum perceived effort. How frequently would you advise they complete their exercise programme?
- 1x a day
OR - More than once a day if time allows
True or false…
Isometric exercises have been associated with analgesic effects.
True
What can be used as a means to progress exercises?
- Increased time under tension
- Reduce stability
- Increase resistance
- Increase repetitions
What can be used to regress an exercise?
- Reduce the resistance of the Theraband
- Remove additional weights
- Shorten the lever
What effect can over-training have on a patient?
- Negative effects on immune system
- Increase their symptoms
- More likely when patients are given insufficient education with their exercise programmes
- Associated with a ‘no pain, no gain’ mentality
- Reduce compliance
What has effective exercise prescription been shown to do?
- Reduce pain in patients with PFPS
- Reduce pain in patients with persistent lower back pain
- Increase patient confidence post injury
- Improve functional outcomes
- Increase patient motivation
- Reduce the risk of re-injury in patients post ankle inversion injury
- Improve patient outcomes
What are the FITT-VP parameters for prescribing exercise?
- Frequency
- Intensity
- Time
- Type
- Total volume
- Progression
What does time in FITT-VP depend on?
- Aims (Strength, power, endurance)
- Available intensity
- Patient (their needs + ability)
Which system do moderate reps (6-15) stress?
- Anaerobic glycolysis
- Maximal hormonal responses + cellular hydration
Which system do low reps (<5) stress?
Phosphocreatine system
What will a higher volume of sets result in?
Increased hypertrophy
(4 sets = maximal, or multiple exercises for a particular muscle group)
