Exercise Psychology and Rehab Exercise Adherence

Question 1

What words describe Rehabilitation

Answer 1

Sport, Performance, Clinical, Cardiac, Is it always injured, Pulmonary rehab, Psychological v Physical Rehab, Exercise prescription, Athletes only, Adherence issues

Question 2

How can sports injuries be represented

Answer 2

On a continuum ranging from minor to severe damage

Question 3

What is an example of a severe sports injury

Answer 3

The death of a footballer through brain damage sustained via heading the ball during a career. Jeff Ashton died aged 50

Question 4

What as well as physiological should be considered and why

Answer 4

Often Psychological issues related to injury are not considered

Question 5

Provide some examples of psychological issues related to Sports Injury

Answer 5

Anger, and depression, is common. Self-esteem issues.

Question 6

What group of exercisers would particularly suffer due to injury

Answer 6

Exercise addicts

Question 7

Name the 2 theories that explain how sport performers react to injury

Answer 7

Grief stages model and cognitive appraisal model

Question 8

What does the grief stages model suggest

Answer 8

That we go through 5 emotional stages of response to injury

Question 9

What are the 5 emotional stages of the grief model

Answer 9

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance

Question 10

Explain the denial stage of grief model

Answer 10

Is the most common first response to loss. It acts as a defence mechanism to buffer the immediate effects of traumatic experience

Question 11

Explain the anger stage of grief model

Answer 11

Why me? Anger is more socially acceptable than fear or apprehension. It is a show of emotional discomfort

Question 12

Explain the Bargaining stage of grief model

Answer 12

It is a stage where one wrongly assumes they can avoid grief through negotiation, saying prayers for instance

Question 13

Explain the depression stage of grief model

Answer 13

One realizes that loss has occurred and begins to accept it

Question 14

Explain the acceptance stage of grief model

Answer 14

One resists the urge to deny or change their situation

Question 15

What was the Grief model originally based on

Answer 15

Death and dying

Question 16

Name some criticism for grief model?

Answer 16

The time to pass through each stage is not linear
This is not a simple stage-by-stage process
Watch out for different professional and personal experiences
Events can jump us forward or back to another stage
Every human experiences this differently
Acceptance does not mean you are “done”

Question 17

Briefly explain the Cognitive evaluation model of injury

Answer 17

Basically, any type of trauma will result in emotional and behavioral responses /reactions based on the interpretation/judgement of the trauma by the individual

Question 18

Name briefly the Cognitive appraisal factors

Answer 18

Personal and Situational factors interpreted lead to , Behavioural and Emotional response

Question 19

Cognitive appraisal model what are personal factors

Answer 19

History of injury, perceived cause, pain tolerance, personality, athletic identity, coping skills, age and gender

Question 20

Cognitive appraisal model what are situational factors

Answer 20

Sport type, level of competition, coach influence, teammate influence, social support, sports medicine team, rehab environment

Question 21

Cognitive appraisal model what are behavioural responses

Answer 21

Adherence to rehab, Use of psychological skills, effort and intensity, risk-taking, laziness

Question 22

Cognitive appraisal model what are emotional responses

Answer 22

Fear, tension, anger, depression, frustration and boredom, grief

Question 23

Issues of adherence in clinical populations provide an example

Answer 23

Cardiac rehabilitation often are not followed

Question 24

What issues influence exercise adherence

Answer 24

behaviour change, mental health issues, exercise beliefs, experience with or without exercise, lack of understanding

Question 25

What can have a great effect on adherence but has not been used enough

Answer 25

Psychological issues. Self-efficacy in particular

Question 26

How can self-efficacy help with adherence

Answer 26

Improving belief in ability to complete exercise program

Question 27

How can clinicians add self efficacy to improve exercise adherence

Answer 27

Mastery, Vicarious experience, Verbal persuasion, Physiological arousal

Question 28

Given an example of how Mastery may be used to increase exercise adherence

Answer 28

Providing a step by step progressive training plan which is applicable to each individual

Question 29

Give an example of how Vicarious experience may be used to increase exercise adherence

Answer 29

The use of video exercises to show others completing the exercises or self videos showing their ability to improve

Question 30

Give an example of how Verbal Persuasion may impact exercise adherence

Answer 30

Positive self talk, positive feedback from coach, parent, physio to increase self-efficacy

Question 31

Give an example of how Physiological arousal emotional state may impact exercise adherence

Answer 31

Understand patient barriers, use questionnaires to measure self-efficacy, and use Fitbit or heart rate monitors to provide feedback. Educate, goal setting.

Question 32

What are some issues with measuring exercise adherence

Answer 32

The questionnaire may be completed dishonestly, bias may be used.

Question 33

Sum up the Cognitive Appraisal Model

Answer 33

Provides a cognitive framework for how changes can influence rehab and recovery, psychosocial factors are considered