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Exercise Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Define exercise therapy

A

Exercise therapy is defined as a regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed to facilitate the patients to recover from diseases and any conditions, which disturb their movement and activity of daily life or maintain a state of well-being

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2
Q

Describe the role of an ERI

A

The role of an ERI is to work as part of the MDT where they will be the lead exercise professional. With the goal to rehabilitate the patient.

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3
Q

Principles of rehab

A 
Timing 
Individualisation
Total patient 
Specific sequencing 
Compliance 
Intensity
Avoid aggravation
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4
Q

Objectives of rehab(2)

A

Prevent further deconditioning

Rehabilitate the injured area

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5
Q

Goals of rehab(2)

A

Measurable and objective

Short to long term goals

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6
Q

Basic concepts of rehab

A
  1. Decrease pain/ reduce inflammation
  2. Flexibility & Range of Motion
  3. Strength & muscular endurance
  4. Balance, coordination & agility
  5. Functional Activity
  6. Performance of physical based activities
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7
Q

Relevant policy relating to the ERI role

A
  • Standards of Proficiency to Practice (SPP) for Exercise Rehabilitation Instructors (ERI). V3.1 . Aug 2021
  • Exercise Rehabilitation Instructor Code of Conduct. V1.0 Oct 20
  • JSP 950 Part 1 Lft 2-22-1 (V1.1) Dec 10. Defence Medical Rehabilitation Plan (DMRP)
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8
Q

Explain Regional Anatomy

A

Based on the organization of the body into parts/regions.

Head
Back
Lower limb 
Neck
Abdomen 
Upper limb 
Thorax
Pelvis/perineum
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9
Q

Describe the Anatomical Start Position

A

Head, eyes and toes directed forward

Arms adjacent to the sides with the palms facing anteriorly

Lower limbs, closed together with the feet parallel and the toes directed anteriorly.

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10
Q

Understand theTerms of Relationship

A 
Anterior/ventral- closer to the front 
Posterior/dorsal - closer to the back
Superior- closer to the head 
Inferior- closer to the feet
Medial- closer to the midline
Lateral- further from the midline
Superficial- closer to the surface 
Deep - further from the surface 
Proximal - closer to the truck/origin 
Distal- further from trunk/origin 
Caudal- towards the buttocks 
Central- towards the centre of the body 
Peripheral- towards the surface 
Palmer- on or towards palm of the hands 
Plantar- on towards the sole of the foot
Dorsum- the upper surface of the hand or foot
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11
Q

Understand theTermsofMovement

A

Extension, flexion, abbduction adduction and so on

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12
Q

Understand the Terms of Laterally

A

Bi lateral- occurring both sides
Uni lateral- occurring on one side
Ipsilateral- occurring on the same side
Contralateral- occurring on the opposite side

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13
Q

Describe the clinical start positions

A 
Standing 
Sitting
Kneeling 
Supine lying  
Prone lying 
Elbow support lying
4 point kneeling 
Long sitting 
Short sitting 
Crook sitting
Stork standing 
Tandem standing
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14
Q

Identify the Roles Muscles Can Play

A

Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator

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15
Q

Define What is a Static & Dynamic Muscle Action

A

Static- no lengthening or shortening of the muscle and no movement of the limbs.

Dynamic- change in muscle length

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16
Q

Understand the Theory of Isometrics

A

Isometric is the static contraction of muscle

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17
Q

Understand the theory of eccentric training

A

Eccentric is the lengthening of the muscle

Can produce 30% more force

Example- running down hill, landing from a jump

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18
Q

Understand the theory of concentric training

A

It is the shorting of the muscle and is the principle muscle action

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19
Q

progressive model of muscle actions

A

Isometric

Eccentric only - gravity assisted
Active assisted

Concentric/eccentric BW - GA and AA

Concentric/eccentric resistance

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20
Q

Define Flexibility ,Mobility & Range of Movement.

A

Flexibility: Refers to a musculotendinous unit’s ability to elongate with application of a stretching force

Mobility: The ease with which an articulation or series of articulations is able to move before being restricted by the surrounding structures, Oxford Reference

Range of Movement (RoM): Is the amount of mobility of a joint and is determined by the soft-tissue and bony structures in the area

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21
Q

Mechanical Properties of

Connective Tissue

A
  • Elasticity: Is the ability of a structure to return to its normal length after application of an elongation force or load (stress)
  • Viscoelasticity: Is in substances that have both elastic and viscous properties. Viscosity = thick, sticky & semi fluid in consistency.
  • Plasticity: Is the ability of a substance to undergo a permanent change in size or shape after a deforming force is applied.
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22
Q

Discuss the Causes of Poor Flexibility

Direct/indirect

A

Direct-
injury
Pathology to soft tissue
Immobilisation

Indirect -
Pain inhibition/fear 
Odema
Damage to joints 
Muscle weakness/imbalance
Age
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23
Q

Effects of Immobilisation- muscle, articular cartilage and connective tissue

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscle-
Reduced size
Reduced oxidative capacity
Reduced reaction time

Articular cartilage -
Becomes thiner
Contracture

Connective tissue - soft tissue damage in
Ligaments
Tendon
Joint capsule

24
Q

Discuss what Influences Mobility- extrinsic and intrinsic

Study These Flashcards
A 
Extrinsic- 
Gender 
Temperature 
Stage of recovery 
Age 
Restrictions of cloths 
Intrinsic -
Pain
Injury 
Type of joint 
Bony integrity 
Status of soft tissue
25
How to assess hypermobility
Beighton score
26
Define what is Balance
The body’s ability to maintain equilibrium by controlling its centre of mass over its base of support.
27
Define what is Proprioception.
Is the body’s ability to transmit position sense, interpret the information, and respond consciously or subconsciously to stimulation through appropriate execution of posture and movement.
28
Define Agility & Coordination
Agility: Is the ability to control the direction of the body or a body segment during rapid movement. Coordination: Is the complex process by which a smooth pattern of activity is produced through a combination of muscles acting together with appropriate intensity and timing.
29
Understand the systems and receptors required for Balance | & Proprioception.
Ears(vestibular) Eyes(oculomotor) Proprioceptors -categorised 1 exteroceptors 2 inter-receptors 3 proprioceptors
30
Progressions & Regressions | available for B&P exercises
Regressions ``` Static BoS big CoG low LoG close to CoM Simple Stable No distractions No perturbations ``` ``` Progressions- Dynamic BoS small CoG high LoG further away from CoM Complex Unstable Distractions Perturbations ```
31
Understand and Differentiate Motor Control & Motor Learning
Motor control is defined as the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement. Motor Learning: We define the field of motor learning as the study of the acquisition and/or modification of movement.
32
Recognise the different types of feedback
``` intrinsic feedback: • Visual • Audible • Tactile • Proprioceptive ``` Extrinsic Feedback: Is information that supplements intrinsic feedback. For example, when you tell a patient that he or she needs to lift their foot higher to clear an object while walking, you are offering extrinsic feedback.
33
Identify the varied “Practice Conditions” that motor learning can be implemented in.
1. Massed vs Distributed 2. Constant vs Variable 3. Random vs Blocked 4. Whole vs Part 5. Guidance vs Discovery 6. Mental Practice
34
Define the Different Types of Strength
* Maximal Strength * Explosive Strength * Reactive Strength * Relative Strength * Strength Endurance
35
Identify what Determines Muscular Strength
Motor unit and muscle size Frequency of stimulation of the motor unit Muscle fibre length Speed of contraction
36
Strength Training Variables
``` ROM Resistance Resistance arm Rest periods Muscle actions Muscle initiation ```
37
Discuss the Principles of Strength Training in Rehab.
1. Specific Exercises 2. No Pain 3. Attainable Goals 4. Progressive Overload
38
Understand how to Measure Strength
Numerical grade 0 - 10 % of normal Observations eg no contraction to full strength
39
Understand how to Quantify Load
RPE
40
How to work out volume load
Volume load = sets x reps x load
41
Precautions & Contraindications to Strength Training
Precautions - Fatigue DOMS Contraindications- Pain Inflammation
42
Monitoring Intensity
Perception - RPE Internal - heart rate External - power/pace
43
Describe the various types of CV
Continuous aerobic training Tempo training Cruise intervals Long intervals( 3-8 mins) Short intervals( 1-3 mins) Repeat sprint intervals ( less than 60s) Sprint interval training ( less than 10s long rest)
44
The Advantages of hydrotherapy
* Weight Relief * Warmth * Induced Relaxation * Manoeuvrability of Patient * Pain Relief Fine Graduation/ Progression in Exercise * Unencumbered by Clothing * Exercise (Mobility, Strength, B+P * Improves Moral
45
The Disadvantages of hydrotherapy
* Increases Blood Pressure * Fear of water * Difficulty in isolating an Exercise * Cross infection * Expensive
46
Describe the Principles of Training
1. Law of Individual Differences 2. Accommodation Principle 3. General Adaptation Syndrome 4. Progressive Overload 5. Reversibility 6. Specificity of Adaptation
47
Types of Periodisation
Linear Undulating Block
48
Periodisation terminology
Multi year plan Annual training plan Macrocycle Mesocycle Microcycle Training day Training sessions
49
Why do we do testing
Conducting tests and assessing the collected data provides Objective Information regarding the strengths and weaknesses in a client’s physiological and functional capacities
50
different types of testing
* Range of Movement * Strength * Balance & Proprioception * Motor Control & Skill * Cardiovascular * Functional
51
3 considerations while testing
Reliability: Is the test repeatable. Validity: Is the test measuring what it should be measuring. Sensitivity: Can the test detect change in the athlete.
52
Order of testing
Non fatiguing - eg BCM Strength - power then strength Muscular capacity(endurance) Aerobic capacity
53
Ultimate function test
IT IS THE TASK THAT YOUR PATIENT IS TRYING TO RETURN TO DOING
54
What is planning
“A Goal Without a Plan is a Wish” Exercise performed systematically to improve physical abilities and to acquire skills connected to the performance of sporting or occupational activity. 1. All training effects are based on exercise induced changes in the organism. 2. Change is specifically dependent on type,intensity and duration of the exercise.
55
Rehabilitation variables in planning
1. Magnitude of the injury 2. Type of injury 3. Body segment involved 4. Patient’s activity 5. Patient’s response to the injury(physical,emotional,andpsychological) 6. Patient’s goals.
56
Acute program variables
1. Exercise and muscle groups trained 2. Order of exercise 3. Number of sets and set structure 4. Rest periods 5. Load or resistance used 6. Repetition speed
57
Key considerations in programming
1. Keep it simple. 2. Have the end goal in mind. 3. Set achievable short goals that work to the overall goal. Use this as an exit strategy throughout 4. Monitor your patients. Use effective testing. 5. Utilise the principles of training to facilitate the appropriate adaptation. Individualisation is key. 6. Ensure your patients & MDT are included in the programme design

Exercise Therapy (2 decks)

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