Exercise: Using Your Knowledge

Question 1

Explain why pregnancy increases frequency of urination

Answer 1

As the baby grows , she or he pshes on superior part of urinary bladder, making urination more frequently

Question 2

Why do the cuboidal cells of the kidney tubules need more mitochondria and RER?

Answer 2

They need more mitochondria to provide ATP for active transport involved in secretion and absorption. The RER sizes membrane proteins required for transport of substances across renal tubules

Question 3

Define ptosis

Answer 3

Condition where the kidnays frop to a lower position. Ptosis may be caused by extreme weight loss, resulting in a decrease in the adipose capsule that holds the kidneys in a normal position

Question 4

Define incontinence

Answer 4

The inability to voluntarily control micturition

Question 5

Decribe how incontinence would be different in a child under 2 years old versus adult

Answer 5

2year: normal because the child has not yet learned to control the external urethral sphincter.

Adult: abnormal because can lead to stress incontinence. A condition where an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, which can occur with laughing or coughing, pushes a smal amount of urine through external urethral sphincter