Exersice Physiology

Question 1

What is heart rate (HR)?

Answer 1

The number of times the heart beats per minute.

Question 2

What is stroke volume (SV)?

Answer 2

The amount of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle with each beat of the heart.

Question 3

What is cardiac output (Q)?

Answer 3

The total amount of blood the heart pumps every minute, calculated by HR * SV.

Question 4

What is the average cardiac output for a fit male at rest?

Answer 4

Approximately 5L/min.

Question 5

What can cardiac output reach during exercise for a fit male?

Answer 5

Over 30L/min.

Question 6

What is the maximum heart rate formula?

Answer 6

220 - age.

Question 7

What happens to heart rate during exercise?

Answer 7

It increases directly proportional to the workload.

Question 8

What is the average stroke volume for a fit male at rest?

Answer 8

Approximately 80ml/beat.

Question 9

What can stroke volume reach during exercise for a fit male?

Answer 9

Over 150ml/beat.

Question 10

What physiological changes occur in response to exercise?

Answer 10

Short-term changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems.

Question 11

What is venous return?

Answer 11

The flow of blood back to the heart.

Question 12

What are the three mechanisms that increase venous return during exercise?

Answer 12

• The Muscle Pump
• The Respiratory Pump
• Venoconstriction

Question 13

What is the muscle pump?

Answer 13

When muscles contract, they squash veins and force blood towards the heart.

Question 14

What is the respiratory pump?

Answer 14

Breathing increases abdominal pressure, helping to return blood to the heart.

Question 15

What is venoconstriction?

Answer 15

A reflex that reduces the capacity of the venous system, pushing blood towards the heart.

Question 16

What happens to blood pressure during exercise?

Answer 16

Systolic BP increases significantly, while diastolic BP may not change at submaximal intensities.

Question 17

What is blood redistribution during exercise?

Answer 17

Increased blood flow to working muscles and reduced flow to non-active areas.

Question 18

What is arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff)?

Answer 18

A measure of muscle oxygen use comparing oxygen in arteries versus veins.

Question 19

What is the effect of exercise on respiratory rate?

Answer 19

Increases from approximately 15 breaths per minute at rest to 40-50 during exercise.

Question 20

What is tidal volume?

Answer 20

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal respiration.

Question 21

What happens to tidal volume during exercise?

Answer 21

It increases from approximately 500-600ml at rest to 3-4L/min during exercise.

Question 22

What does ventilation refer to?

Answer 22

The amount of air inspired/expired in a minute (L/min).

Question 23

True or False: Stroke volume plateaus when exercise intensity reaches around 40-60% of maximal exercise capacity.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Cardiac output is calculated as _______.

Answer 24

HR x SV.

Question 25

What is tidal volume (TV)?

Answer 25

The amount of air breathed in and out in 1 breath.

Question 26

What is respiratory rate (RR)?

Answer 26

The amount of breaths per minute.

Question 27

What is ventilation?

Answer 27

The amount of air that is inspired and expired during 1 minute.

Question 28

How is ventilation calculated?

Answer 28

V = TV X RR.

Question 29

What happens to ventilation at submaximal exercise intensities?

Answer 29

Ventilation will increase linearly with oxygen consumption (VO2) until a steady state is reached.

Question 30

What occurs to ventilation at maximal exercise intensities?

Answer 30

Ventilation increases until the exercise is stopped.

Question 31

What is diffusion in the context of respiration?

Answer 31

Movement of a gas from high concentration to low concentration.

Question 32

What is the oxygen content of the air we breathe in compared to what we breathe out?

Answer 32

Air we breathe in is high in O2 content and low in CO2; air we breathe out is low in O2 content and high in CO2.

Question 33

What happens to oxygen and carbon dioxide during exercise?

Answer 33

O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the surrounding capillaries while CO2 diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli.

Question 34

What is increased gas exchange/pulmonary diffusion?

Answer 34

The increase in the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) during exercise.

Question 35

What occurs during the first few minutes of exercise regarding oxygen uptake?

Answer 35

Oxygen uptake increases dramatically as the anaerobic energy system is the dominant energy provider.

Question 36

What is VO2 MAX?

Answer 36

The maximum capacity of an individual's body to transport and utilize oxygen during exercise.

Question 37

What happens once steady state is reached during exercise?

Answer 37

Oxygen demand is met by oxygen supply.

Question 38

What occurs when an increase in exercise intensity no longer leads to an increase in oxygen consumption?

Answer 38

The athlete has reached VO2 MAX.

Question 39

What is oxygen deficit?

Answer 39

The state where oxygen consumption remains high post-exercise to assist with recovery.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: An athlete uses more of the available _______ when at work compared to at rest.

Answer 40

O2

Question 41

True or False: Ventilation increases prior to the beginning of exercise.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is the relationship between ventilation and oxygen consumption during exercise?

Answer 42

Ventilation increases to meet the oxygen demands of the exercise.