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existence of god and revelation Flashcards

1
Q

quote against the first cause argument

A

“the universe is just there that’s all”- bertrand russell

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2
Q

who was the inventor of the design argument?

A

william paley

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2
Q

who was the inventor of the design argument?

A

william paley

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3
Q

what is the design argument?

A

the universe’s design is so complex that it must have a designer so that designer must be god

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4
Q

what does the design argument consider proof that god exists?

A

the world’s existence is proof of god

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5
Q

what is ockham’s razor?

A

argument that god is the simplest answer to why we are here

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6
Q

what does regularity mean in ockham’s razor?

A

the universe is regularly ordered that there has to have been a cosmic designer

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7
Q

what does probability mean in ockham’s razor?

A

although the design argument doesn’t necessarily prove the existence of god, it is more likely than not

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8
Q

what are the strengths to the design argument?

A
  • explains that the world has some purpose
  • makes sense to say that the designer is god because the world is very complex and god is omnipotent
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9
Q

what are the weaknesses to the design argument?

A
  • why is a stone more designed than a watch if both were created by god?
  • just because something looks designed doesn’t mean it is
  • perhaps god designed the universe so that He no longer had to exist
  • why design something that’s not perfect and free of suffering?
  • must the designer be god?
  • design can be explained by natural selection
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10
Q

who was the inventor of the simplicity, regularity, order idea

A

richard swinburne

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11
Q

how can darwin’s theory contradict the design argument?

A

the theory of natural selection could explain the appearance of design without a designer

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12
Q

what did john stuart mill say against the design argument?

A

said that nature was fundamentally cruel and questioned why god (who was all-loving) would make a world which consisted of such suffering

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13
Q

what did david hume say against the design argument?

A

the design argument doesn’t necessarily have to lead to the classic christian definition of god

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14
Q

quote in support of the design argument

A

“in the absence of any proof, the thumb alone would convince me of god’s existence” - isaac newton

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15
Q

quote against the design argument

A

“the aesthetic argument for theism becomes more persuasive when it renounces all claims to proof and appeals to a logical probability” - f.r tennant

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16
Q

who was the inventor of the first cause argument?

A

thomas aquinas

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17
Q

what is the first cause argument?

A

suggests that everything in the universe has a cause but the chain of cause and effect can’t go on forever so it has to have started somewhere. there was a first uncaused cause, which is god

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18
Q

what are the strengths of the first cause argument?

A
  • true that everything has a cause
  • confirms to the theist that the cosmos has a purpose
  • big bang is supported by the first cause and vice versa
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19
Q

what are the weaknesses of the first cause argument?

A
  • we don’t know that the uncaused cause is god , could be anything
  • we have limited knowledge
  • if everything needs a cause, what caused god?
  • belief doesn’t prove anything but merely puts god in the place of the uncaused cause
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20
Q

what is the fallacy of composition and whose idea was it?

A

just because we have mothers, doesn’t mean the universe has to have one - bertrand russell

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21
Q

what is the argument from miracles?

A

only god can break the laws of nature and science so the presence of miracles tells us that god exists because god is the only one outside of nature

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22
Q

what are miracles?

A

an impossible event, usually good, that cannot be explained by nature of science and thought to be an act of god

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23
Q

what are the two types of miracles?

A
  • events that break natural laws and can’t be explained
  • happy coincidences
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24
Q

what is the principle of credulity?

A

if someone says something has happened, it probably has

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25
Q

what is the principle of testimony?

A

its reasonable to believe that the experiences of others are exactly as they repeat them

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26
Q

who invented the principles of credulity and testimony?

A

richard swinburne

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27
Q

what are the objections to miracles?

A
  • could be lucky coincidences
  • maybe the necessary scientific evidence hasn’t been discovered yet
  • don’t miracles show god’s favouritism?
  • miracles remove the need for faith if god just chooses randomly
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28
Q

what are the strengths to miracles?

A
  • may solve the problem of evil as god does not intervene because he cannot or because he is bound by the laws of nature
    -the principles of credulity and testimony
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29
Q

what did david hume say about miracles?

A

while miracles may exist, there isn’t enough evidence supporting it so its more reasonable not to believe them

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30
Q

what do atheism and humanism say about miracles?

A

rejects a supernatural being being the cause of miracles and could see miracles as things that are unexplained by science as of now

31
Q

what is the significance of lourdes?

A
  • bernadette soubirous said she had a vision where virgin mary told her to find the holy water from the divine spring
  • she dug and found a spring
  • since then the healing water has performed 16 miracles
32
Q

arguments that lourdes was a miracle

A
  • the healing water didn’t exist before
  • the water supposedly cured many people
  • the body of bernadette hasn’t deteriorated at all
33
Q

arguments that lourdes was not a miracle

A
  • religious bias
  • bernadette could’ve been lying or hallucinating
34
Q

what is the significance of juan diego and the lady of guadalupe?

A
  • juan saw a vision of the lady of guadalupe on a hill and she requested that he build her a shrine so he did
  • he then went back to the hill pick up some flowers and put it in his cloak. when he opened his cloak to give the flowers to the bishop, an image of the lady was imprinted on it
35
Q

arguments that guadalupe was a miracle

A
  • science cannot explain how the material of the cloak hasn’t deteriorated in 450 years - beyond our understanding
36
Q

arguments that guadalupe was not a miracle

A
  • religious bias
  • hallucination
37
Q

what is reason?

A

the capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought

38
Q

what is faith?

A

belief in religion based on spiritual conviction

39
Q

what did wk clifford say about faith?

A

“it is wrong always everywhere, and for everyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence”

40
Q

what is propositional faith?

A

faith based on evidence and/or argument

41
Q

what is non-propositional faith?

A

faith not based on evidence but maybe enriched by it

42
Q

what is fideism?

A

the belief that faith and reason are independent or at odds with one another

43
Q

what did richard dawkins say about religion?

A

“religion is neither quaint nor harmless but rather insidious and corrupting”

44
Q

what did richard dawkins saw about faith?

A

“faith is “anti-intellectual” and leads to atrocities”

45
Q

what did feuerbach say about faith and reason?

A

“religion is a form of sub-conscious wish fulfilment. faith has no independent reality and faith itself is not a rationally credible position”

46
Q

what is the inconsistent triad?

A

an argument by epicurus against the concept of an all loving, all powerful god while suffering still persists; omnipotence, omnibenevolence and the existence of suffering

47
Q

how do christians explain the problem of suffering?

A
  • suffering is a punishment for sin
  • its a test of faith
  • needed as a balance - can’t appreciate god without recognising evil
  • must be accepted as something we can’t understand
  • form of education
  • god can’t do anything because we have freewill
48
Q

what did ninian smart say about evil and suffering?

A

to have good morals you need to have the option to choose between good or bad and eventually make that decision

49
Q

what is the freewill defence and who created it?

A

states that if god intervened in our suffering then it would compromise our freewill - richard swinburne

50
Q

what did emil fackenheim say about the problem of evil?

A

people should believe in a loving god because if they stopped having faith, they’d be letting hitler win (in context of the holocaust)

51
Q

arguments that support emil fackenheim’s statement

A
  • seems reasonable to theists who still want to believe in god
52
Q

arguments against emil fackenheim’s statement

A
  • illogical to add another commandment to the torah to justify the holocaust
  • why would any reference to hitler be biblical???
53
Q

what did richard rubenstein say about the problem of evil?

A

suggests that god doesn’t exist whatsoever if He caused or allowed such horrible suffering to take place

54
Q

arguments in support of richard rubenstein’s statement?

A
  • makes sense because there is no way an all loving god would allow that
55
Q

arguments against richard rubenstein’s statement

A
  • we cannot expect theists to stop believing in god therefore religious people most likely won’t support it
56
Q

what is revelation?

A

god revealing himself to believers

57
Q

what is general revelation?

A

god making himself known to every through ordinary, common human experiences

58
Q

what are examples of general revelation?

A
  • nature
  • scripture
59
Q

what are visions?

A

seeing something in a dream or trance that shows/tells you something about the nature of god

60
Q

what is special revelation?

A

god making himself known through direct personal contact/experiences like visions

61
Q

what was the special revelation to the virgin mary?

A

she was visited by the angel gabriel who told her that she would bear the son of god despite being a virgin

62
Q

arguments that virgin mary’s experience was a special revelation?

A
  • science can’t explain her being pregant without having had sex
  • her son performed miracles
63
Q

arguments that virgin mary’s experience was not a special revelation?

A
  • her experience does not prove the existence of god because it doesn’t make sense nor agree with science
  • maybe she had premarital sex and covered it up and her vision was merely a hallucination
64
Q

what was the special revelation to peter the apostle?

A
  • peter was one of jesus’ disciples.
  • jesus took three of his disciples to a mountain and transfigured
65
Q

arguments that peter the apostle’s experience was a special revelation?

A
  • more believable because it was seen by more than one individual
66
Q

arguments that peter the apostle’s experience was not a special revelation?

A
  • they were all jesus’ disciples so must’ve had some religious bias
67
Q

what is the big bang theory?

A

theory that the universe originated in a huge explosion that released all matter and energy eventually creating galaxies and stars 14 billion years ago

68
Q

what are the limitations to the big bang theory?

A
  • where did the super fast inflation originate?
  • what caused it?
  • how did the conditions for the big bang occur?
69
Q

what is darwin’s theory of evolution?

A
  • theory that all species of organisms arise and develop through natural selection
  • variations increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce - “survival of the fittest”
70
Q

what is the literalist view of the bible?

A

the bible is god’s actual words and must be questioned and has no errors

71
Q

what is the liberalist view of the bible?

A

the bible is inspired by god’s words but we should be able to interpret it for the people today

72
Q

quote from the bible that supports the literalist view from

A

“all scripture is divinely inspired and it has its use for teaching the truth … and discipline sin the right way if living”

73
Q

what is a literal creationist?

A

god created the heavens and the earth and everything in it, exactly what the bible says

74
Q

what is a liberal creationist?

A

the account in is symbolic and science of how the universe was created is also true

75
Q

what are some examples of special revelation?

A

visions, dreams, hearing voices

rpe (8 decks)

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