exotics Flashcards
1
Q
Female rabbit
A
Doe
2
Q
rabbit Species
A
lagomorphs/Lagomorpha
3
Q
Male Rabbit
A
Buck
4
Q
A group of young rabbits is called
A
Litter
5
Q
Young rabbits are called
A
Kits
6
Q
ARBA means?
A
American Rabbit Breeders Association
7
Q
Rabbits are Endotherms meaning?
A
they maintain a consistent body temperature independent of the environment.
8
Q
an animals body temperature independent of the environment is called?
A
an Endotherm
9
Q
7 Common rabbit breeds
A
Dutch rabbit
Angora
Holland
English
Dwarf Lop
Flemish Giant
rex rabbit
and more
10
Q
ARBA stands for?
A
American Rabbit Breeders Association
11
Q
Lagomorphs descended from?
A
The European wild rabbit
12
Q
Animals active at dusk and dawn are?
A
Crepuscular
13
Q
__% of a rabbits body weight is bone
A
8%
14
Q
__% of a rabbits skeleton is make up of _____?
A
51% Marrow
15
Q
crepuscular means?
A
Animal that is primarily active at dusk and dawn
16
Q
true or false
rabbits are Herbivores?
A
True
17
Q
Define herbivore?
A
an organism that feeds on plants, these animals are anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material.
18
Q
True of false
Rabbits are Hind-gut Fermenters?
A
True
19
Q
what is a Hind-gut Fermenter?
A
A digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, takes place in the large intestine and cecum.
20
Q
A digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, takes place in the large intestine and the cecum is called?
A
Hind-gut Fermenter
21
Q
define Cellulose?
A
A substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fiber’s insoluble for humans but not herbivores.
22
Q
A substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers insoluble for humans but not herbivores is called?
A
Cellulose
23
Q
other hind-gut fermenters are?(6)
A
Rabbit
Horse
Chinchillas
Rhinos
Guinea pigs
Elephants
24
Q
The cecum comprises __% of a hind-gut fermenter’s total GI capacity
A
40%
25
a secondary type of rabbit poop produced my the cecum is?
Cecotropes
26
True or False
Rabbits are a prey species with a wide field of vision
True
27
rabbits have __ types of bones?
23 types
28
where food particles go for further break down of fibers including cellulose
for absorption?
The cecum
29
The act of eating cecotropes or “soft feces”?
Cecotrophy
30
Coprophagy means?
The eating of feces
31
The eating of feces is called?
Coprophagy
32
cecotrophy typically occurs when?
In the evenings
or early mornings
33
why cant rabbits vomit?
They lack a gag reflex and, have a thin and weak diaphragm resulting in the lack of strength to vomit
34
True or False?
rabbits can pass gas
False
35
80-85% of a rabbits diet should be?
Hay
36
hypsodont teeth means?
High-crowned teeth with enamel extending past the gum line
37
diphyodont dentition means?
2 sets of teeth
38
True or False
a rabbits diphyodont teeth never stop growning?
True
39
define Malocclusion
Defined as imperfect positioning or meeting of the teeth when the jaws are closed
40
Rabbits are prone to miss-aligned teeth called?
Malocclusion
41
a rabbits mouth only opens 20-25 degrees so under sedation a _____ is used to visualize teeth
Otoscope
42
Female rabbit ovulation (release of the egg)
takes place only when mating occurs and is called?
an Induced ovulator
43
when gendering a rabbit only a doe has a?
Dewlap
44
Dewlaps are used for?
Dewlaps essentially just allow for more fluff
Does will pluck from this area primarily when preparing a nest for kindling
45
4 Benefits of Spaying
Reduces aggressive behaviour
Prevents false or real pregnancies
Prevention of uterine adenocarcinoma
Prevention of pyometra and endometritis
46
4 Benefits of Neutering
Reduces aggressive behaviour
Prevention of testicular cancers
Reduces urine marking A.K.A spraying behaviours
Decreases urine smell and encourages better litterbox habits
47
True or False
Rabbits should never be fasted?
TRUE
48
49
enamel is?
thin but strong and protective outer covering
50
Dentin
supports the structure of enamel
51
_____ is thin but strong and protective outer covering of teeth
Enamel
52
____ supports the structure of enamel
Dentin
53
____ is Comprised of connective tissue,
blood vessels, and cells?
pulp
54
hypsodont teeth means?
High-crowned teeth with enamel extending past the gum line
55
true or false?
rabbits have hypsodont teeth
TRUE
56
Monophyodont means?
Having one set of teeth for life
57
Diphyodont means?
Development of 2 sets of teeth
58
True or false?
Rabbits have diphyodont dentition?
TRUE Rabbits have diphyodont dentition!
59
Baby bunnies have __ deciduous (primary) teeth
Baby bunnies have 16 deciduous (primary) teeth
60
Adult rabbits have __ permanent (secondary) adult teeth
28 permanent (secondary) adult teeth
61
Rabbits have different types and shapes of
teeth called?
heterodonts
62
Rabbits have heterodonts, this means?
They have different types and shapes of
teeth
63
The space between the incisors and premolars is called?
diastema
64
Does can have __ kits per year?
72 kits
65
Ferrets are from the family called?
musteidae
66
The family musteidae icludes what animals?(6)
skunks, weasels, mink, otter, marten and badger
67
A group of ferrets is called?
a business
68
Sexual dimorphism is?
condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs
69
condition where the two sexes of the same species
exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs
Sexual dimorphism
70
Sexual dimorphism differences in ferrets may include?
size, weight, colour, markings, and may also include behavioural and cognitive differences
71
true or false
Ferrets are nocturnal?
TRUE
72
Sebaceous Glands produce?
musky odor
73
Real Canadian ferret – Manitoba have what tattooed on their ear?
"H"
74
Marshall Farms ferrits have _ dots on the ear
2
75
One dot on a ferrets ear indicates?
two indicate?
-that the ferret has been spayed or neutered.
-2 mean that its anal scent glands have also been surgically removed
76
Ferrets are prone to what illnesses? (3)
Waardenburg’s Syndrome,
heart disease and cancer
77
ferret life span?
5-10 years
78
ferret gestation days?
41-43 days
79
rabbit gestationis how manny weeks?
4 weeks
80
rabbit life span?
6-9 years depending on breed and husbandry
81
true or false
Ferrits are Obligate Carnivores
true
82
scruffing
A) can kill a ferret
B) scares Ferrets
C) calms ferrets
D) trances ferrets
C) calms ferrets, they will often yawn
83
Male ferret is called?
Hob
84
Female ferret is called?
Jill
85
spayed female ferret is called?
a sprite
86
neutered male is called?
Gib
87
vasectomised male ferret is known as?
Hoblet
88
True or False
Jills are induced ovulators
True
89
altricial young animals are?
Dependent on parent
90
Gestation is about __ days
42
91
True or False?
ferrets are able to catch the human cold
True
92
What are rodents?
Rodents are gnawing animals that have continuously growing upper and lower
incisors
93
gnawing animals that have continuously growing upper and lower
incisors are?
Rodents
94
common house mouse species
Mus musculus
95
are mouse nocturnal or diurnal?
nocturnal
96
Whitten Effect is?
When a group of female mice are exposed
to a male, the majority of the females will
enter estrus on the third night
97
Bruce Effect is?
A pregnant female will terminate the
pregnancy if exposed to a new male
within 48 hours of the original
copulation
98
When a group of female mice are exposed
to a male, the majority of the females will
enter estrus on the third night this is called the ? effect
Whitten Effect
99
A pregnant female will terminate the
pregnancy if exposed to a new male
within 48 hours of the original
copulation is called?
Bruce Effect
100
a group of rats is called?
a Mischief
101
rat gland that Produces a secretion rich in lipid and porphyrin used to lubricate the eye and also a source of pheromones
-Porphyrins produce a reddish
coloration to the tears and can stain
the face and feet when spread by
grooming
Harderian gland
102
Male rats are called?
called bucks
103
Female rats are called are called?
and called___ if pregnant or after
giving birth
does
and
dams
104
* Young rats are called?
pups
105
Rats have ?-? pairs of mammary glands
4-6
106
rat teeth are _______?
hypsodontic
107
Mice Life span
1-2 years
108
Rat life span?
3 years
109
most common tumor in rats?
Benign mammary tumor
110
Chinchilla family?
Family: Chinchillidae
111
subspecies
short-tailed chinchilla called?
long-tailed chinchilla, most common type kept as pets called?
Chinchilla Brevicaudata
Chinchilla Langier
112
chinchillas live in colonies called?
Herds
113
chinchilla life span?
life span: ~ 10-15 years
* Can live up to 20 years in captivity
114
Chinchillas prefer hot or cooler temperatures?
prefer cooler temperatures
115
true or false?
chinchillas are nocturnal?
True.
116
are Chinchillas herbivores?
Yes, they need 80-85% of their die to be hay.
117
Male chinchillas are called?
Bucklets
118
Female chinchillas are called?
Doelets
119
chinchilla gestation?
110-138 days
120
young chinchillas are called?
kits
121
kit chinchillas that are ready to run at birth are called?
precocial
122
Hamsters gestation is?
16 days
123
True or false?
Hamsters are a crepuscular?
True
124
hamsters eat what? This makes them a herbivore, omnivores or carnivore?
hamsters are omnivores and will eat everything if they get hungry enough
125
Male hamsters have open ____ ____ which means that they can draw their testicles up
into their abdomen
Males have open inguinal canals
126
hamster gestation is how many days?
Gestation: 16 days
127
young hamsters are called?
Pups
128
if a female hamster is disturbed a female may?
Females may cannibalize litter or hide in cheek pouches if disturbed
* Cheek pouches can suffocate offspring
129
what type of ovulators are hamsters?
Spontaneous ovulators
130
hamsters have _ - _ pairs of mammary glands
Hamsters have 6-7 pairs of mammary glands
131
Gerbils belong to the same family as mice and rats called
Muridae
132
A group of gerbils is called?
A clan
133
what are the only 2 types of gerbils that can be kept as pets?
the Mongolian
gerbil and the fat-tailed gerbil
134
Mongolian gerbil life span?
2-5 years
135
two orders of birds that are kept?
Psittaciformes (parrots) and the Passeriformes (canaries and finches)
136
true or false
Anatomically and physiologically ALL birds are different
True
137
Feathers are made of?
keratin
138
what is keratin?
a fibrous structural protein
139
parrots are what? with a curved beak?
Psittacines
140
Passerine is what bird with a pointed beak
songbird
141
Dimorphic means?
Each sex has different physical characteristics
142
Monomorphic means?
Each sex appears physically the same.
143
Baby bird which has not yet left the nest is called?
Hatchling
144
baby bird which can leave the nest, but not eat on their own yet is called?
Fledgling
145
4 feather uses?
flight, insulation/thermoregulation, protection and attracting a
mate
146
wing remiges and tail rectrices are called?
primaries
147
A triangular plate formed of the fused caudal vertebrae, typically supporting the
tail feathers is called?
Pygostyle
148
Pygostyle is?
A triangular plate formed of the fused caudal vertebrae, typically supporting the
tail feathers
149
Large feathers that radiate from the radius and the ulna are called?
Secondaries
150
Feathers that are over the body, wings and tail are called?
Contour
151
(Birds)
"vane" is what part of the feather?
flattened part of the feather.
152
hollow part of the shaft that attached the feather to the follicle is called?
Calamus Shaft
153
soft barbs used for warmth are called?
Downy barbs
154
downy lower barbs of a
feather are called?
Afterfeather
155
branches off the rachis which form
the vane are called?
Barb:
156
the upper portion of the feather shaft,
barbs are attached to the ____
Rachis
157
bird Skin is very thin (?-? cell layers thick)
2-4 cell layers thick
158
the gland that helps water
proof the bird – absent in certain breeds such as Amazon parrots
Bilobed uropygial (preen) gland
159
true or false?
the ear gland is present in most bird species
False
Ear gland is absent in most species
160
True or False?
birds have hollow bones?
True
161
what bird bone is an extension of the sternum and provides attachment for flight muscles
the keel
162
(bird)
The lack of muscle mass and/or
prominence of the keel bone is
used to evaluate what?
Body Condition Score (BCS)
163
area at the base of
the upper beak that surrounds the
nostrils is called?
The cere
164
(bird)
only opening through which
feces, urates and eggs can pass through is?
The cloaca
165
(bird)
Cloaca is the?
rectum
166
(bird)
white portion of the excrement, waste
products from protein breakdown during
digestion
Urates
167
water like portion of the excrement
urine
168
in order for a bIrd to breathe, they move their chest up and down by relying on muscle movement and pressure changes in the air sacs for air flow, why?
They have no diaphram
169
Birds diet
?% formulated pellets.
?% fresh fruits and vegetables.
< ?% treats: seed, nut, dried fruit,
bread
90% formulated pellets.
10% fresh fruits and vegetables.
< 1% treats: seed, nut, dried fruit,
bread
170
Birds natural act of self-grooming called?
Preening
171
True or false?
New feathers can bleed
True
172
Average weight of rabbits is
5–8 lbs with females typically larger than males
173
vegies comprise approximately what % of a rabbit's diet?
8-10% of their diet
174
Rabbits can breed again less than __ hours after having a litter
24
175
rabbit gestation is __ weeks
4
176
Rabbit temperature is?
Temperature – 38.3-40.0°C
177
rabbit pulse is?
Pulse – 130-325 bpm
178
what is AEMV
association of exotic mammal veterinarian
179
ferret Weight is about?
1.5–4 pounds (0.7–2 kg)
180
Ferret lifespan?
5 to 10 years
181
Ferret Gestation days?
41-43 days
182
Ferret temperature
37.7-39.7 C
183
Ferret Pulse
180-250 bpm
184
Ferrets have __ permanent teeth
34 permanent teeth
185
Mouse Gestation ?-? days
19-21 days
186
12-36 hours post-mating what can be found on a mouses vagina
a waxy plug can be found on the vagina
187
Female mice can enter estrus within ? hours of parturition
24h
188
rats are ___estrous
Polyestrous
189
rat estrous length in days?
Estrus length 4-5 days
190
mice life span
1-2 years
191
Rat lifespan
3 years
192
193
194
Chinchilla dentition?
20 teeth – 4 incisors and 16 molar
195
Chinchilla gestation days?
Gestation: 110 – 138 days
196
197
hamster pulse
280-500 bpm
198
Hamsters gestation
Gestation: 16 days
199
Mongolian gerbil life span?
2-5 years
200
PASSERINES are ____ birds
song
201
Feather = on both sides from center
Tail feather
202
Feather with one side larger than the other side?
Flight
203
fluffed out feather
Semiplum
204
long rachis with fluff ontop
Filoplume
205
long rachis with fluff on the bottom
Bristle
206
small fluffy feather
Downy
207
The main shaft of the feather
Rachis
208
rachis have small _____ attached
Barbs
209
Barbs have what that hook into each other at an angle?
Barbules
210
True or False?
New feathers can bleed?
True
New feathers can bleed, once the feather is mature the blood supply is sealed off (like human nails)
211
barbs near the hollow shaft(calamus) are called?
Downy barbs
212
clear hollow shaft that attaches the feather to the follicle called?
Calamus Shaft
213
what does the preen gland do?
The preen gland helps water
proof the bird
214
