Exotics

Question 1

Which species do we least commonly see hypovitaminosis A?

Answer 1

juvenile aquatic turtles

Question 2

clinical signs of hypovitaminosis A

Answer 2

• blepharedema
• aural abscess
• inguinal and axillary edema (secondary to renal failure)
• resp distress

Question 3

what are the functions of vitamin A?

Answer 3

1. vision
2. regulation of gene expression
3. immunity
4. growth and development

Question 4

what are some risk factors for development of reptilian gout?

Answer 4

• dehydration
• renal disease
• excessive intake of purine rich meals

Question 5

primary vs secondary gout

Answer 5

primary: overproduction of uric acid
secondary: interference with the normal balance of production and excretion of uric acid

Question 6

what is the transmission of cryptosporidium?

Answer 6

feco oral

**pathologic changes limited to stomach in snakes

Question 7

which species are commonly affected with Cryptococcus serpentis?

Answer 7

-rat snakes, corn snakes
(Elaphe spp)
-rattlesnake
(Crotalus spp)

Question 8

What forms of cryptosporidium do we see on gross pathology?

Answer 8

1. gastric form
   - mid body sweling
   - stomach hypertrophy
   - edematous stomach
   - gastric petechiae
2. enteritis form

Question 9

types of metabolic bone disease

Answer 9

1. fibrous osteodystrophy
   - nutritional and renal secondary hyperparathyroidsim
2. Paget’s disease
3. hypertrophic osteopathy
4. osteopetrosis

Question 10

what are common calculi formation sites?

Answer 10

1. urinary bladder (most common)
2. ureters
3. cloaca