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Exotics > Exotics Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exotics Exam 1 Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

mammal species

A

4,000

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2
Q

bird species

A

9500

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3
Q

reptile species

A

7000

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4
Q

amphibian species

A

4200

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5
Q

fish species

A

19,000 (up to 25,000)

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6
Q

marketing

A

direct

indirect

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7
Q

direct marketing

A 
yellow page advertisements 
hospital brochure 
follow up communication
use of other media
hospital sign/logo
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8
Q

indirect marketing

A

word of mouth
retailers- post-purchase exam, brochures and cards at check out
complimentary classes

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9
Q

most important piece of equipment to purchase for practice when starting exotics

A

gram scale

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10
Q

radiology for exotics

A

high detail
dental
mammography

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11
Q

most important dz conditions encounter in reptiles

A

environmental

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12
Q

most environmental condition

A

temperature

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13
Q

ectothermic

A

depend on environmental temperature

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14
Q

POBT

A

preferred optimal body temperature

metabolism, digestion, immune system

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15
Q

suture removal in reptiles

A

6 weeks

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16
Q

ecdysis

A

shedding

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17
Q

humidity needed for:

A

optimum health

proper ecdysis

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18
Q

dysecdysis

A

abnormal shedding of the skin
caused by low humidity
retained spectacle - skin on eye

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19
Q

blister disease

A

high humidity

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20
Q

suboptimal light

A

inadequate ultraviolet light (UVB) - needed for Vit. D
lack vit. D - cause Ca deficiency
metabolic bone disease
secondary hyperparathyroidism (husbandry)

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21
Q

zinc toxicity

A

from pennies (esp. 1982 and later ones)
lot of reptiles ingest shiny things (esp. tortoises)
can get hardware dz from ingesting things (tortoises eat things like nails)

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22
Q

1 concern of keeping reptiles at home

A

Salmonella

sanitation key

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23
Q

chelonians

A

tortoises

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24
Q

feeding snakes rodents

A

only feed killed rodents

unless quickly killed the rodents bite and injure snakes - long time to heal and deep

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25
protozoa
Amoeba (Entamoeba) not zoonotic tx: metronidazole
26
Cryptosporidium
Coccidia- sporozoa one of most economically impt. dz in reptiles zoonosis? treat as such hypertrophic gastritis CS: midbody swelling in snakes and postprandial regurgitation tx: none
27
Ophionyssus
"snake mite" tiny gray dots under chin & between scales tx: soaking, washing, sanitation
28
ticks
anemia | focal ulcerating lesions
29
ivermectin
tx of ectoparasites | contraindicated in chelonians
30
nematode- ascarids
CS: none Tx: fenbendazole
31
most important/common disease see in reptiles
hypovitaminosis D
32
hypovitaminosis D
hypocalcemia | metabolic bone disease
33
hypervitaminosis D
metastatic mineralization of soft tissue
34
thigmotactic
animal prefers to wedge itself between objects
35
critical aspect of dz prevention in reptile collection
quarantine
36
class
reptilia
37
3 orders
chelonians crocodilians squamates
38
squamates order
saurians (lizards) serpentes (snakes) sphenodontia (tuatara)
39
thermal gradient
mid 80s to low 100s F
40
primary heat source
provides background temp at low end of PBT
41
secondary heat source
basking spot
42
UVB wavelength
290-320nm
43
space between UVB and animal
12-18 inches
44
humidity
50-60%
45
temperature large ponds
75-80F
46
quarantine
60-120 days
47
reptiles endangered
1/3 of reptiles
48
how many of the serpentes are venemous
1/3
49
most widely distributed reptiles
sauria (lizards)
50
venemous lizards
gila and beaded lizard
51
desert tortoise upper respiratory infection
Mycoplasma agassizii
52
Mycobacterium
caseous necrosis granulomata zoonotic potential
53
inclusion body disease
``` retrovirus Burmese pythons boa constrictors snake mite plays a role neurologic as progresses fatal ```
54
ulcerative stomatitis
Aeromonas, Pseudomonas
55
blister disease
gram -
56
middle ear infection of chelonian
Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas
57
mA
300
58
kVP
40-100
59
distance between tube and cassette
40 inches
60
fracture healing radiographs in lizards
12-16 weeks post injury
61
radiograph view
DV (bones and other organs) lateral (using horizontal beam- lungs) craniocaudal in chelonians (lungs)
62
volume blood collected from reptile
.5-.8% of body weight
63
anticoagulant
use heparin | NEVER CaEDTA- b/c causes hemolysis
64
venipuncture in lizards
ventral coccygeal/tail vein | jugular
65
venipuncture in snakes
cardiac #1 ventral tail vein insert needles between scales
66
venipuncture in chelonians
``` jugular subcarapacial- lymph dilution dorsal coccygeal- lymph dilution brachial postoccipital venous plexus ```
67
blunted choanal papilla
indicate illness | hypovitaminosis A at top if list
68
do birds have an epiglottis
no
69
birds have complete tracheal rings so need to use
noncuffed endotracheal tubes
70
syrinx
tracheal bifurcation- vocalization
71
air sacs
9 | 80% respiratory volume
72
unpaired
interclavicular
73
paired
cervicocephalic cranial thoracic caudal thoracic abdominal
74
rhamphotheca
entire beak
75
rhinotheca
upper beak
76
gnathotheca
lower beak
77
intrinsic tongue muscles
only parrots have
78
pterylae
feathered tracts
79
apterylae
featherless areas between tracts
80
remiges
flight feathers
81
retrices
tail feathers
82
coverts
feathers cover most of body
83
notarium
cervical + thoracic vertebrae
84
synsacrum
caudal thoracic + lumbar + sacral + caudal vertebrae (fused to ileum)
85
pygostyle
distal fusion of caudal vertebrae
86
supracoracoiddeus
abduction of wing
87
pectoralis
adduction of wing
88
temp for sick birds
85-90 F
89
temp for baby birds
94F
90
Pacheco's disease
``` psittacine herpesvirus hepatitis targets the liver biliverdinuria latent infection survives infection- carrier ```
91
psittacine beak and feather disease
``` circovirus targets immune system targets follicles of feathers abnormal shape or color feather- CS peracute fledgling/nestling form acute- nestlings chronic- 6 months or older PCR test stable environment ```
92
avian polyoma virus
small psittacines: nestlings death day 10-25, feather dystrophy, subcutanous hemorrhage large pisttacines: hepatitis latent infections, stable environment PCR
93
poxvirus
break through skin- trauma or mosquito dry cutaneous- proliferative masses regress 4-6 weeks wet mucosal (diphtheritic)- oropharynx, trachea, eyes septicemic - conjunctivitis, dyspnea, lung tumors in survivors cytology/histology
94
WNV
mosquito no signs, sick bird syndrome, neurological, found dead PCR equine vaccine
95
papillomatosis
new world species likely herpes virus papillomas on mucosal surfaces esp. cloaca and oropharynx histopath
96
avian borna virus
``` live NS and spread through GI signs: nonspecific, GI, neuro, combo crop dilatation big sign PCR affects ganglions supplying GI system - lymphoplasmacytic infiltration non-supportive encephalomyelitis body inflammatory response causing issue anti-inflammatories for tx (Meloxican TOC, carprofen) ```
97
avian radiographic views
VD | lateral
98
ingluvies
crop
99
proventriculus
lateral view | VD view depends on gizzard
100
gizzard
VD: left midline w/ cranial border level acetebulum lateral: dorsal surface 1/2 to 3/4 distance between vertebral column and keel
101
intestines
not much gas- don't show on plain films
102
liver
VD: hourglass shape lateral: heart cranially, gizzard/duodenum caudally, proventriculus dorsally, sternum ventrally
103
spleen:
lateral: cranial to intestines and dorsal to liver

Exotics (1 decks)

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